en Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion پژوهشي Research Article <div style="text-align: justify;">The interaction between intracellular magnesium level, adiponectin production and insulin sensitivity has been recently suggested in both diabetic patients and their first-degree relatives. The present study aimed to investigate whether magnesium supplements are able to increase plasma adiponectin and af-fect insulin sensitivity in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Seventy subjects who were first-degree relatives of diabetic patients were randomly allocated to either Mg hydroxide supplementation plus lifestyle (case group, n= 35) or mere lifestyle change and placebo (control group, n= 35). The subjects were seen at 16-weeks intervals for at least 24 months. There was no difference in baseline level of adiponectin between intervention and control group (p= 0.612), but significantly increased in intervention group (mean change of 6.51 &plusmn; 4.33 mg/dl, p&le; 0.001) and significantly reduced in control group (0.70&plusmn;0.52 mg/dl, p&le; 0.001) after 16-week intervention protocol. No difference was revealed in initial insulin resistance between the two study groups (p= 0.527), but it was revealed lower in intervention group after completing treatment (p&le; 0.001). On the other hand, after 16 week of initial interventions, insulin resistance index reduced as 0.56&plusmn;0.85 units (p&le; 0.001), while increased in control group as 0.68 &plusmn; 0.78 units (p&le; 0.001). The increase in adiponectin production as well as decrease in insulin resistance is expected by administrating magnesium supplements in first-degree relatives of the patients with diabetes mellitus.</div> &nbsp;<br> &nbsp; Magnesium, Adiponectin, First-degree Relatives, Type 2 diabetic patients 1 6 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-42-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 AREZOO AFKHAMI-ARDEKANI 10031947532846001655 10031947532846001655 No Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran BABAK MAJIDI 10031947532846001656 10031947532846001656 No Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran SAEEDEH JAM ASHKEZARI 10031947532846001657 10031947532846001657 No Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran MOHAMMAD HOSAIN AFRAND 10031947532846001658 10031947532846001658 No Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran SEID MOHAMMAD MOHAMMADI 10031947532846001659 10031947532846001659 No Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran MOHAMMAD AFKHAMI-ARDEKANI 10031947532846001660 10031947532846001660 Yes Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran