|
|
|
 |
Search published articles |
 |
|
Showing 3 results for Pingili
Ravindrababu Pingili, Sridhar Vemulapalli, Surya Sandeep Mullapudi, Sivaramakrishna Kondru, Naveen Babu Kilaru,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (8-2016)
Abstract
Since long back, herbal medicines have been the highly-esteemed source of medicine; therefore, they have become a growing part of modern, high-tech medicine. Zephyranthes candida (ZC) has been mentioned in the Indian System of Traditional Medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of methanolic leaf extract of Zephyranthes candida (MLZ) and its different fractions in healthy and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Healthy wistar and STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with MLZ (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and glipizide (5 mg/kg) for 21 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from the retro orbital plexus on 1 st , 8 th , 15 th and 21 st day. In another study, STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated with glipizide (5 mg/kg), fraction I [hexane: ethyl acetate (1:1)], fraction II [chloroform: methanol (1:1)] and fraction III [chloroform: methanol (2:8)]. Blood glucose levels and lipid profiles were determined using ERBA, semiautoanalyzer. The methanolic extract was further analyzed for phytochemical analysis. MLZ (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) showed a signi?cant reduction in blood glucose levels which were comparable to that of the standard anti-diabetic drug, glipizide. The total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoproteins levels were significantly reduced by MLZ in diabetic rats. All the three fractions are also reduced the blood glucose levels after single oral administration ( p<0.01 ). In phytochemical analysis, MLZ showed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides and alkaloids. The present study results indicated that Zephyranthes Candida possess anti-diabetic and lipid lowering effects may be due to the antioxidant activity of flavonoids or alkaloids. Further studies are needed to elucidate the structures and to evaluate the exact mechanism of anti-diabetic action of the active components.
Divya Reddy, Sheethal Shindey, Naveen Babu Kilaru, Ravindrababu Pingili,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (6-2017)
Abstract
Quercetin is a natural flavonoid found abundantly in vegetables and fruits. Chrysin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavone), a natural polyphenol, occurs in many plants, honey, and propolis. Quercetin and chrysin have a blend of many pharmacological activities such as anticarcinogenic, pro-apoptotic, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. But there is no scientific evidence regarding the muscle relaxant activity and locomotor activities of selected flavonoids. The present study was planned to evaluate the influence of quercetin and chrysin on muscle relaxant and locomotor activities using experimental animal models. Quercetin and chrysin (20, 40 and 60 mg/kg) was administered to rats and evaluated for muscle relaxant activity using rota-rod apparatus and locomotor activity using actophotometer. The time spent on the rota rod was significantly reduced by chrysin at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg when compared to saline (control). Quercetin also reduced the time spent but statistically not significant. The positive control, diazepam was found to be more significant (p< 0.001) than the test doses of chrysin. The results of the locomotor activity study indicated that chrysin significantly reduced the locomotion in rats, but quercetin has no significant activity. The results of the present study revealed the chrysin has significant (p< 0.001) and dose dependent muscle relaxant and locomotor depressant activities. Quercetin also reduced the muscle relaxant and locomotor activities but statistically not significant.
Naveen Babu Kilaru, Siddhartha Nuthakki, Sivaprasad Pendyala, Sivaramakrishna Kondru, Ravindrababu Pingili,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) play a significant role in the disposition and elimination of drugs. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the interaction between sitagliptin (substrate of P-gp and CYP3A4) and verapamil (known modulator of P-gp and CYP3A4) using in vivo, ex vivo and in situ models. Rats were treated with sitagliptin (10 mg/kg, oral and/or 5 mg/kg, intravenous) alone and in combination with verapamil (40 mg/kg, oral) for 15 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein on 1st day in single dose pharmacokinetic study (SDS) and on 15th day in multiple dose pharmacokinetic study (MDS). The plasma concentrations of sitagliptin were significantly higher in the verapamil pretreated group when compared to sitagliptin control group. Verapamil pretreatment significantly increased the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 24h (AUC0-24h), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), percent absolute bioavailability (AB%), elimination half-life (t1/2) and decreased the volume of distribution (Vz/F), clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vss/F) of sitagliptin in both SDS and MDS (oral and intravenous). Ex vivo study results showed that the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp), net efflux and efflux ratio values were significantly increased by the known P-gp and CYP3A4 inhibitors (itraconazole and ketoconazole) and verapamil. In single pass intestinal perfusion (In situ) study, the effective permeability coefficient (Peff) and intestinal absorption rate constant (Ka) were increased in the presence of verapamil (p<0.05). The present study results revealed that verapamil enhanced the bioavailability of sitagliptin probably by inhibiting its absorption via P-gp and/or the CYP3A4-mediated biotransformation in rats. Verapamil can be co‐administered with sitagliptin without dose adjustment due to high safety margin of sitagliptin.
|
|
