2024-03-29T03:29:44+04:30 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=20&slc_lang=en&sid=1
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2011 10 2 Anticandidal effect of shallot against chronic candidiasis agents M. Falahati R. Fateh S. Sharifinia Shallots are an important part of the diet of many populations and there is long-held belief in their health enhancing properties. The aim of this study was to determine anti-candidal activity of shallot against chronic candidiasis agents. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of shallot ( Allium hirtifolium ) were tested for in vitro antifungal activities against 33 candida species isolated from patient with chronic candidiasis who were referred to Mirza-Kochak-Khan and Lolagar Hospitals. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth microdilution method. Allium hirtifolium showed antifungal activity against all the candida species tested and anti-candidal activity of the alcoholic extract was very better than aqueous extract. The results indicate that crude juice of shallot has anti-candidal activity and might be promising in treatment of candidiasis. 2011 11 01 49 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2011 10 2 Methylmercury Chloride Coaxed Oxidative Stress in Rats Sh. Nabi A. Ara Sh. Jahan Rizvi The present experiment was designed to access the effects of Methylmercury chloride ( MeHgCl) on antioxidant status, protein concentration, lipid peroxidation and hydroperoxidation in brain parts, spinal cord, lung, heart and pancreas of rats. Twenty male Wistar rats (3 months old) were divided in saline controls (C) and MeHgCl-treated group (MMC). Treated rats were intoxicated with MMC at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight orally by gavage once a day for 14 consecutive days, for the next 14 days, they were kept intoxicated. Control animals received a corresponding volume of isotonic saline. Health, total feed intake and body weights of rats were monitored daily throughout the study. Both the groups were sacrificed on 29 th day. Study revealed an increase in Lipid peroxide (LPO) and Lipid hydroperoxide (LHPO) levels after MeHgCl administration. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), total sulfhydryl (TSH) and Protein were significantly declined in all the tissues of MMC treated group as compared to controls. In summary, depletion of antioxidant enzymes in tissues increases MeHgCl accumulation and enhances MeHg-induced oxidative stress, especially LPO and LHPO which plays an important role in tissue degeneration process during MeHgCl intoxication. Results support the hypothesis that depletion of antioxidant enzymes is a primary mechanism of organic mercury toxicity. The present experiment was designed to access the effects of Methylmercury chloride ( MeHgCl) on antioxidant status, protein concentration, lipid peroxidation and hydroperoxidation in brain parts, spinal cord, lung, heart and pancreas of rats. Twenty male Wistar rats (3 months old) were divided in saline controls (C) and MeHgCl-treated group (MMC). Treated rats were intoxicated with MMC at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight orally by gavage once a day for 14 consecutive days, for the next 14 days, they were kept intoxicated. Control animals received a corresponding volume of isotonic saline. Health, total feed intake and body weights of rats were monitored daily throughout the study. Both the groups were sacrificed on 29 th day. Study revealed an increase in Lipid peroxide (LPO) and Lipid hydroperoxide (LHPO) levels after MeHgCl administration. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), total sulfhydryl (TSH) and Protein were significantly declined in all the tissues of MMC treated group as compared to controls. In summary, depletion of antioxidant enzymes in tissues increases MeHgCl accumulation and enhances MeHg-induced oxidative stress, especially LPO and LHPO which plays an important role in tissue degeneration process during MeHgCl intoxication. Results support the hypothesis that depletion of antioxidant enzymes is a primary mechanism of organic mercury toxicity. 2011 11 01 52 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2011 10 2 Inhibitory Effect of Allium Cepa Extract on LDL Oxidation Induced By CuSO4 in Vitro Compared With Allium Sativum and Allium Ascalonicom H. Ahmadvand M. Ani A. A. Moshtaghie Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly suggested as a key factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thus, the inclusion of some anti-oxidant compounds in daily dietary food stuff may inhibit the production of oxidized LDL and may decrease both the development and the progression of atherosclerosis. The present work investigated the inhibitory effects of extract of Allium cepa (onion) on LDL oxidation induced by CuSO ? quantitatively in vitro and compared with extract of Allium ascalonico (shallot) and Allium sativum (garlic). LDL was incubated with CuSO4 and the formation of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were monitored as markers of LDL oxidation. Inhibition of this Cu-induced oxidation was studied in the presence of extracts of Allium ascalonicom, Allium cepa and Allium sativum . It was demonstrated that extract of Allium cepa as well as Allium ascalonicom and Allium sativum were able to inhibit LDL oxidation and increase the resistance of LDL against oxidation in vitro. The pattern of inhibition was in this order: Allium sativum >Allium ascalonicom>Allium cepa. This study showed that extract of Allium ascalonicom, Allium cepa and Allium sativum prevented the oxidation of LDL in vitro and it may suggest that they have the similar effect in vivo . 2011 11 01 61 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2011 10 2 The Effects of Aqueous Extract of Raphanus sativus on Blood Glucose, Triglyceride and Cholesterol in Diabetic Rats F. Dehghani M. Azizi M. R. Panjehshahin The probability of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients increases due to hyperlipidemia. Raphanus sativus is a traditional plant which is used to lower plasma lipid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Raphanus Sativus on plasma glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol in diabetic rats. For this purpose, 30 male rats were selected, maintained in standard conditions and divided randomly into 3 groups. Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) was given IP to induce diabetes in 14 days. The aqueous extract of Raphanus sativus was given orally to the experimental groups at doses of 800 and 1600 mg/kg once daily for 14 days by a feeding needle. At days 1, 14, 28 and 35, blood samples were taken from the tail vein of all the groups. After this period, the animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia by ether and their pancreases were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, processed with paraffin and stained with hematoxyline and eosin for histopathological examination. Results showed that, there was a significant decrease in plasma triglyceride in the 1600 mg/kg group compared with group 1 in 28 and 35 days. No significant difference was observed in blood cholesterol and glucose in all days. In conclusion , it seems that aqueous extract of Raphanus sativus can lower the plasma triglyceride, but it has no effect on the plasma glucose or cholesterol. 2011 11 01 66 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2011 10 2 Therapeutic Effect of Co-Administration of Amantadine and Aspirin on Fatigue in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study A. HAMZEI-MOGHADDAM B. SEDIGHI FARHAD IRANMANESH MOHAMMAD HOSEIN ABDI Fatigue is recognized as one of the most disabling and frequent symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Amantadine appears to have some proven ability to alleviate the fatigue in MS. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of co-administration of amantadine and aspirin for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Forty-five ambulatory patients aged 20–50 years with a diagnosis of MS, a stable disability level ?6 on the Kurtzke extended disability status scale (EDSS), and a mean score ?4 on the fatigue severity scale (FSS) were eligible for the 6 weeks, randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study . Patients were randomly assigned to receive either amantadine hydrochloride (100-mg) and aspirin (500 mg) or amantadine hydrochloride (100 mg) and matching placebo twice daily throughout 6 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by self rating scales, using the FSS. Data analysis was performed by T test, chi-square test, Wilcoxon and ANOVA tests. Mean FSS for the amantadine+aspirin group was 3.5 6 ±0.5 and mean FSS for amantadine + placebo group was 4.1 6 ±0.5 at day 30. Mean FSS for the amantadine + aspirin group was 3.3 6 ± 0.5 and mean FSS for amantadine + placebo group was 3.9 6 ± 0.5 at day 42. Amantadine and aspirin treated patients showed a significantly greater reduction in fatigue, as measured by the FSS, than those patients were treated with amantadine and placebo (p <0.001). Our findings demonstrate that co-administration of amantadine and aspirin was significantly better than amantadine and placebo in treating fatigue in MS patients. 2011 11 01 71 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2011 10 2 Isolation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Butea monosperma (Lam.) J. P. Mehta Ch. V. Pandy P. H. Parmar B. A. Golakiya The root and flowers of Butea monosperma (Lam.) were extracted with methanol. Extensive chromatographic separation and purification with the organic solvents was done. Four phytochemicals were separated and their structures were established based on various spectroscopic techniques. Isolated crude extract was subjected for antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria like Bacillus megatarium, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using standard protocols with MIC (Bacterial) in range of 7.5 to 25 µg/ml. The antifungal activity was also carried out against strains of Alternaria , Fusarium and Aspergillus flavus within the range between 10 µg/ml to 300 µg/ml MIC (Fungal). The results of antibacterial activity were compared with a standard antibiotic disc of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin (5 to 30 µg/disc) against the same microbial strains. The results of antifungal activity were compared with nystatin (100 to 200 µg/disc) against the same microbial strains. 2011 11 01 76 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2011 10 2 Licofelone: A Novel Non-Steriodal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) in Arthritis k.m. Manjanna B. Shivakumar Arthritis refers to different medical conditions associated with disorder of the primary structures that determine joint functions such as bones, cartilage and synovial membranes. Drug discovery and delivery to retard the degeneration of joint tissues are challenging. Current treatments of different arthritis involves administration of ideal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but are frequently associated with adverse reactions, related to inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) in tissues where prostaglandins exert physiological effects, such as gastric mucosal defense and renal homeostasis. As a consequence, the interest for novel approaches has re-emerged. New therapeutic options, still under clinical evaluation, are represented as dual COX and 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors. These are expected to possess clinical advantages over the selective inhibitors of COX enzyme. One of the most promising compounds belonging to this category, licofelone, a competitive inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), is currently in clinical development for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Licofelone decreases the production of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins which are involved in the pathophysiology of OA and in gastrointestinal (GI) damage induced by NSAIDs and have the potential to combine good analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with excellent GI tolerability. The emerging clinical data for licofelone indicate that it is an effective and well-tolerated therapy which could be suitable for the long-term treatment of patients with OA. This review focuses upon the gastrointestinal (GI) safety of selective COX-2 inhibitors and of novel therapeutic strategies, in comparison with traditional NSAIDs. 2011 11 01 82 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2011 10 2 Contribution of Women Scientists to Pharmacology: A Historical Perspective N. D. Grover The article highlights the contributions of a few prominent women scientists to the science of pharmacology. These women,some of whom were from other scientific fields, contributed significantly to our understanding of pharmacology. This was achieved in an era in which pharmacology was a more or less male dominated field. Even though it is easier for women to enter scientific fields nowadays, the mid-career attrition rate seems to be high. There is still a lot of scope for improving the work environment and attitudes of the society in their favor. 2011 11 01 92 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2011 10 2 Pharmacology – Prep Manual for Undergraduates Y. R. Karkal 2011 11 01 97 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.pdf