2024-03-28T12:44:23+04:30 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=12&slc_lang=en&sid=1
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Influence of N-Phthaloyl GABA on the Circadian Rhythms of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidants in Wistar Rats under Constant Light Selvaraju Subash Perumal Subramanian N-Phthaloyl GABA was administrated daily (50 mg/Kg body weight-i.p) to Wistar rats for 21 days and circadian rhythms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied under constant light (LL) conditions. Delayed acrophase of TBARS and advanced acrophase of antioxidants (GSH, CAT and SOD) were found in LL-exposed  groups as compared with control rats. LL-exposed rats showed increased mesor of TBARS and decreased mesor of antioxidants. Administrations of GABA reversed all the changes in circadian rhythms to the near normal. Since GABA is being involved in conveying dark information to biological clock, exogenous administration of P-GABA might reduce the photic information received by the clock. The exact mechanism is still unclear and further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. 2007 11 01 115 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-144-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Effects of Pongamia pinnata on Lipid Peroxidation Products and Antioxidants in Hyperammonemic Rats: with Reference to Circadian Variations Mohamed Musthafa Mohamed Essa Perumal Subramanian Effects of Pongamia pinnata, an indigenous plant used in Ayurvedic Medicine in India on the temporal variations of circulatory lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in ammonium chloride-(AC)-induced hyperammonemic rats has been studied. Experimental rats were divided into control, AC-treated, those treated with AC + ethanolic leaf extract of P. pinnata (PPEt), and PPEt-treated. The characteristics of 24 h rhythms (acrophase, amplitude and mesor) of lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances – TBARS) and antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) were analyzed. Elevated lipid peroxidation (increased mesor of TBARS) associated with decreased activities of antioxidants (decreased mesor of GPx, GSH, SOD and CAT) were found in hyperammonemic rats. Differences in amplitude and ‘r’ values were also found between the hyperammonemic rats and other experimental groups. These alterations clearly indicate that temporal redox status could be modulated by PPEt during hyperammonemic conditions, which may also play a crucial role in disease development. 2007 11 01 119 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-143-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Beneficial Effects of Statins in Experimental Amnesia Atish Prakash Nirmal Singh Manjeet Singh The present study was undertaken to investigate the beneficial effects of widely-prescribed lipid lowering drugs, pitavastatin, atorvastatin and simvastatin 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors in cognitive dysfunctions of mice. Intra-cerebroventricular (ICV)-Streptozocin-(STZ)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced amnesia served as interoceptive memory models where as, Morris water-maze served as an exteroceptive model in the present study. A total of 13 groups, comprising seven mice in each group were used in this investigation. Day 4 Escape latency time (ELT) recorded during acquisition trials conducted from day 1 to day 4, in water-maze was taken as an index of acquisition, where as mean time spent in target quadrant during retrieval trial on day 5, was taken as an index of retrieval (memory). ICV-STZ-(3 mg kg -1 i.p.), and HFD-treated (for 90 days) mice showed an impairment of acquisition as well as retention on water maze task as reflected by significant increase in ELT on day 4 and decrease in time spent in target quadrant on day 5. Pitavastatin (5 mg kg -1 ), atorvastatin (5 mg kg -1 ) and simvastatin (5 mg kg -1 ) significantly attenuated ICV-STZ- and HFD-induced amnesia. These results highlight the ameliorative role of statins in experimental amnesia with possible involvement of their cholesterol-dependent as well as cholesterol independent actions.    2007 11 01 125 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-142-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Anticarcinogenic Activity of Leptadenia reticulata against Dalton’s Ascitic Lymphoma L. Sathiyanarayanan Sinnathambi Arulmozhi N. Chidambaranathan The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Leptadenia reticulata leaves (LELR) against Dalton’s Ascitic Lymphoma (DAL) in Swiss Albino mice. DAL cells were injected intraperitoneally (106 cells/mouse) to the mice. Two days after cells injection the animals were treated with 200 mg/kg of LELR for 8 days. Five-fluorouracil (20 mg/kg) was used as reference drug. On day 11, cancer cell number, packed cell volume, decrease in tumour weight of the mice, increase in life span and hematological parameters were evaluated and compared with the same parameters in controls. A significant increase in the life span and a decrease in the cancer cell number and tumour weight were noted in the tumour-induced mice after treatment with LELR. The hematological parameters were also normalized by LELR in tumour-induced mice. These observations are suggestive of the protective effect of LELR against Dalton’s Ascitic Lymphoma (DAL). 2007 11 01 133 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Blood Biochemical Parameters after Intravenous Administration of Enrofloxacin in Yak Sanjib Khargharia The blood biochemical parameters were investigated in a yak (Bos grunniens L) after intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg enrofloxacin. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein daily for 5 days after the drug administration. Heparinized bloods were collected for mean corpuscular volume (MCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglubin (Hb) estimation and serum was collected for estimation of total protein, albumin, globulin, urea and blood glucose. Results of hematological and blood chemistry profile revealed that enrofloxacin did not change these parameters significantly. Therefore, the drug might be used safely in the yaks. 2007 11 01 137 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Regulatory Role of Calcium Channel Blockers on Spontaneous Muscular Activity of Gastrothylax Crumenifer, A Rumen Amphistome Pawan Kumar Verma Dinesh Kumar S. K. Tandan Anil Kumar Srivastava Rajinder Raina Major proportion of intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) is achieved through opening of calcium channels present in the plasma membrane which play an important role in regulating neuromuscular coordination and release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals. Blockade of these calcium channels adversely affect contractile process and release of neurotransmitters in majority of the neuromuscular preparations in vitro. In present study, the cumulative addition of verapamil (10 -7 -10 -3 M) caused marked excitation in amplitude, baseline tension and frequency of spontaneous muscular activity of Gastrothylax crumenifer a rumen amphistome. Diltiazem (10 -6 -10 -3 M) caused a significant and concentration-dependent increase in amplitude and frequency of spontaneous muscular activity of isometrically mounted rumen amphistome. It also caused significant rise in baseline tension at 10 -5 to 10 -3 M concentrations. Addition of nifedipine (10 -7 -10 -3 M) elicited significant and concentration-dependent rise in amplitude and baseline tension, as compared to control values without significantly effecting frequency of spontaneous contraction. 2007 11 01 139 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-139-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Hepatoprotective Effects of Propolis Extract: A Biochemical and Histopathological Approach Monika Bhadauria Satendra Kumar Nirala Sangeeta Shukla Hepatoprotective efficacy of propolis extract (honeybee hive product, 200 mg/kg, p.o.) was studied against carbon-tetrachloride-(CCl 4, 0.15 ml/kg, i.p.) induced biochemical and histopathological changes. Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug was used as a positive control. Subchronic exposure to CCl 4 for 3 weeks (5 days a week) caused sharp elevation in the activity of liver enzymes i.e. , serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. CCl 4 administration significantly decreased blood glucose level and increased serum proteins. Tissue biochemistry revealed significant reduction in total protein and glycogen contents, alkaline phosphates activity and adenosine triphosphatase along with significant increase in acid phosphatase activity both in liver and kidney. CCl 4 -induced oxidative stress was measured by estimating reduced glutathione level and amount of TBARS formed as an index of lipid peroxidation. Hepatorenal glutathione level showed marked depletion whereas lipid peroxidation was enhanced significantly. Posttreatment of propolis extract after toxicant administration reversed for five days alterations in blood and tissue biochemical variables including liver function test and markers of oxidative stress, which was similar to silymarin-treated positive control. Histopathological studies of liver and kidney showed improved cellular architecture after propolis therapy and confirmed its hepatoprotective efficacy. In conclusion, propolis   extract is a natural product with hepatoprotective properties. 2007 11 01 145 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-138-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Comparison of Metronidazole and Ceftizoxime in Prophylaxis of Post-Hysterectomy Infections Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam Mahshid Zahedi Zahra Eftekhar Ceftizoxime is the standard agent used in prophylaxis of infections after abdominal hysterectomy. Metronidazole could be used instead of ceftizoxime for this matter. To compare these two drugs, in a randomized clinical trial, 34 patients received metronidazole suppositories (1g) and 34 patients received intravenous ceftizoxime (1g) before surgery.   There were not any significant demographic (age, weight, parity, hospitalization duration, pre-operation hemoglobin) difference between two groups.   Also, the incision type and post-operation bleeding were the same in two groups. The complications after abdominal hysterectomy such as febrile morbidity, urinary tract infections and wound infections were not significantly different between two treatment groups. These results indicate that a single dose metronidazole has the same effect as ceftizoxime in infection prophylaxis of post-hysterectomy infection. 2007 11 01 155 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Effect of Chromatographic Fractions of Ethanolic Extract of Crotalaria Juncea (L.) Seeds on Ovarian Follicular Kinetics and Estrous Cycle in Albino Rats Vijaykumar B. Malashetty Saraswati B. Patil Inspite of considerable development in contraceptive technology, search for female antifertility agent in plants continues to be a potential area of investigation. The ethanol extract of Crotalaria juncea seeds which showed promising antiovulatory activity in female albino rats was examined for the isolation of its active fractions. Two fractions were obtained using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of the extract. Both fractions were subjected for testing their antiovulatory activity and estrous cycle in rats. After preliminary trials, the fraction I (200mg/kg body weights) showed maximum antiovulatory activity when administered orally to the rats for 30 days. Decreased number of healthy follicles (Class I – ClassVI) and corpora lutea and increased number of regressing follicles (Stage IA, Stage IB, Stage IIA, Stage IIB) were observed in the ovary after 30 days treatment. The treatment had increased the cholesterol level and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased protein and glycogen contents of the ovary. Estrous cycle was affected as a significant increase in estrus and metaestrus phases and decrease in diestrus and proestrus phases in the treated groups during experimental period of 30 days were observed. These results suggest that a fraction of ethanolic extract of crotalaria juncea might be used as a contraceptive in the females. 2007 11 01 159 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-136-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils of Crude Extracts of Sesame Radiatum against Some Common Pathogenic Micro-Organisms L. A. J. Shittu M. Bankole T. Ahmed M. N. Bankole R. K. Shittu C. L. Saalu O. A. Ashiru   Concern about the rising prevalence of antibiotics-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has been expressed in the last three decades. However, intensive studies on extracts and biologically-active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have also doubled in the last decade. As a result of paucity of knowledge and folkloric claim on the leaves effectiveness in infectious disease treatments, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and lignans present in the crude Sesame radiatum leaves extracts. Ethanolic, Methanolic and Aqueous extracts of Sesame radiatum leaves were studied for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative micro-organisms and Yeast using Agar diffusion method. The GC-MS   phytochemical screening of methanolic extract   showed the presence of carboxylic acids and phenolic groups   in essential oils especially one of the most potent antioxidants like Sesamol, Sesamolin and Sesamin. Both the methanolic and ethanolic   extracts have broad spectrum antimicrobial effect against all the tested micro-organisms except Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus   respectively,   while the aqueous extract exhibited no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae   except on Candida albicans . The result confirmed the folkloric claims of the antimicrobial effectiveness of locally consumed Sesame leaves extracts especially against bacterial and common skin infection in many areas of the Country (Nigeria). 2007 11 01 165 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Effect of Honey on CYP3A4 Enzyme and P-Glycoprotein Activity in Healthy Human Volunteers Vinod Thomas Kesavan Ramasamy Rajan Sundaram Adithan Chandrasekaran The activity of cytochrome p450 isozyme 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is modulated by grapefruit juice and herbal drugs. CYP3A4 is the major phase I drug metabolizing enzyme and P-gp is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump that regulates the intestinal absorption of orally administered drugs. Honey is commonly consumed as a dietary supplement. However, its influence on human CYP3A4 and P-gp activity is not yet well documented. Therefore, we investigated the influence of a 10-day honey administration on CYP3A4 and P-gp activity in healthy volunteers using carbamazepine and digoxin as their probe drugs respectively. A within-group pharmacokinetic study was done in 12 healthy volunteers. They were administered single oral dose of carbamazepine (200 mg) and digoxin (0.5 mg) before and after 10 days of honey (10 ml twice daily) intake. Blood samples (5ml) were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after drug administration. Concentration of carbamazepine and digoxin in plasma was measured by HPLC and RIA method respectively. T en days of honey administration did not significantly alter the C max , T max and AUC (0-t) of carbamazepine (probe drug for CYP3A4) and digoxin (probe drug for P-gp). Our results suggest that honey may not significantly modulate the CYP3A4 enzyme and P-glycoprotein activity. The coadministration of honey with drugs may not result in significant drug interactions. 2007 11 01 171 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-134-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Dose-Dependent inhibitory Effect of Ferulic Acid, a Dietary Antioxidant on Nicotine-Induced Tissue Oxidative Stress in Experimental Rats Adluri Ram Sudheer Marimuthu Srinivasan Nagarajan Devipriya Venugopal Padmanabhan Menon The present study was aimed at elucidating the protective effect of ferulic acid (FA), a natural polyphenol against nicotine-induced tissue damage, including lung, liver and kidney of experimental rats. Female albino rats of Wistar stain were used for the experimental study. Lung toxicity was induced by subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight (5 days a week, for 22 weeks) and FA was given simultaneously by intragastric intubations for 22 weeks. To establish the most effective protective support, we have used three different doses of FA- 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight. The levels of lipid peroxidative indices viz., thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides, nitric oxide and protein carbonyl content in lung, liver and kidney of nicotine-treated rats increased significantly in nicotine-treated rats when compared to control, which were brought down to near normal in FA-treated groups. The body weight gain of rats and endogenous antioxidant status viz., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione were found to be significantly decreased in lung, liver and kidney of nicotine-treated group, which were significantly increased in FA-administered groups. The dose 20 mg/kg body weight was found to be more effective than the other two doses. Our data suggest that FA exerts its protective effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting antioxidant defense syste m in tissues. 2007 11 01 177 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-133-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Calcium Antagonistic Activity of Biophytum Petersianum on Vascular Smooth Muscles of Wistar Rat Siménou Titrikou Kwashie Eklu - Gadegbeku Aklesso Mouzou Kodjo Aklikokou Messanvi Gbeassor The whole plant of Biophytum petersianum was extracted with a mixture of water – alcohol (1:1) to evaluate its relaxant effect on aorta rings. In isolated Wistar rat tissue, the hydro-ethanolic extract (0.1; 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml) non-competitively antagonized calcium chloride and high-K + - induced aorta contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the inhibition of noradrenaline–induced contractions in the presence of extract (1 mg/ml) suggests that the extract has an effect on mobilization of intracellular calcium. These results indicate that hypotensive effect of Biophytum petersianum may result from inhibition of calcium influx via both voltage-and receptor-operated calcium channels. 2007 11 01 185 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 In Vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alstonia scholaris Linn. R.Br., Arulmozhi Sinnathambi Papiya Mitra Mazumder Purnima Ashok L. Sathiya Narayanan The present work is carried out to study the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris Linn. ( Apocynaceae ) using various in vitro tests including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH . ) free radical scavenging, metal ion chelating, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, and ferric thiocyanate reducing ability. &nbsp; Ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris had significant ( p <0.01) (DPPH . ) free radical scavenging (63%), metal ion chelating (74.88%), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (72.28%), superoxide anion radical scavenging (67.66%) and significant ( p <0.05) ferric thiocyanate reducing activities. &nbsp; These various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole &nbsp; (BHA), butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), l- ascorbic acid and a -tocopherol. &nbsp; These results indicate that ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris Linn. possess antioxidant property. The results observed were comparable to antioxidant properties of BHA, BHT, l- ascorbic acid and a -tocopherol. 2007 11 01 191 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Antioxidant Effect of Terminalia Chebula Aqueous Extract on Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Heart Ramalingam Mahesh Vava Mohaideen Hazeena Begum Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by normal metabolic processes or from exogenous insults and chemical agents. They are capable of damaging essential biomolecules and accelerating cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, the antioxidant role of Terminalia chebula aqueous extract was evaluated against age-related oxidative stress in heart tissues of young and aged rats. Young and aged rats were treated with T. chebula aqueous extract at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight in 1.5ml sterile water orally for 4 weeks . Control young and aged rats were received sterile water only. In aged rats, the increased content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed. The antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E levels were decreased in heart tissues of aged control rats. Administration of T. chebula to aged rats prevented the depletion of SOD, CAT, GPx activities and GSH, vitamin C and E contents. Also, the level of MDA content was decreased in heart tissues. The results of the present study shows that T. chebula aqueous extract modulate the activities of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation through the management of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in rat heart tissues. 2007 11 01 197 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 The Effects of Bezoar on the Echis carinatus Snake Venom Poisoning in Mice Gholamreza Sepehri Mahmoud Reza Heidari Reza Sheibani Tezerji The Bezoar, a dense material found in the stomach of wild goat, is widely used against various diseases including snakebite in traditional medicine among the southeast tribes of Iran. This study was performed to evaluate the Bezoar effect on experimental mice receiving 2% and 10% concentrations of natural crude of Echis carinatus snake venom. Various doses of Bezoar (6, 50, 100 & 200 mg/kg/i.p) were injected. The clinical signs, mean survival time and autopsy findings were recorded 20 minute after intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of snake venom 2% and the data were compared with control group mice which received saline. In 10% concentration snake venom, the mice received the most effective dose of Bezoar ( 100 mg/kg/i.p). Bezoar administration (50 & 100 mg/kg) increased the survival time and significantly attenuated the pathologic signs (such as bleeding inretroperitoneal space and thoracic cavity , CNS and lung vascular congestion) caused by 2% and 10% Echis carinatus snake venom as compared to controls ( p <0.05). The exact mechanism(s) by which the Bezoar prolongs the survival time and attenuates the pathologic consequences of Echis carinatus snake venom in mice is not known completely and needs further investigations to elucidate the underlying mechanism (s). 2007 11 01 203 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-128-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Effects of Methanolic Extract of Oxystelma esculentum on Diuresis and Urinary Electrolytes Excretion in Rats Ashokkumar Durairaj Upal Kanti Mazumder Malaya Gupta Subrata Kumar ray The diuretic activity of methanol extract of Oxystelma esculentum aerial parts (MEOE) was studied in male Wister albino rats at 5h and 24h interval. The animals were divided into 5 groups: control, urea, furosemide and 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg MEOE. The extract was administered intraperitoneally (i.p) pretreated and all animals were saline MEOE. The urine volume (in mL) and electrolytes excretion (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Cl - ) at 5h and 24h duration were measured. The urine output increased significantly in urea, furosemide and both MEOE groups ( p <0.001). MEOE increased the urine volume and electrolytes balance in a dose dependent manner. The results indicate that MEOE is an effective hypernatramic, hyperkalaemic, hypercalcemic and hyperchloremic diuretic, which supports the traditional claim about the Oxystelma esculentum being used as a diuretic. 2007 11 01 207 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 A Comparison of the Antipyretic Effect of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen in Febrile Children Hospitalized At Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital in Semnan, Iran Maryam Seyfhashemi Raheb Ghorbani Semira Mehralizadeh Setareh Asgarzadeh Parviz Bahadoran Prolonged and high fever may cause various disturbances in children, and prompt lowering of fever is essential. Therefore, an appropriate treatment aimed at rapid lowering of fever and keeping the child afebrile is mandated. There have been various studies on the different types of anti-pyretic treatment in children. The aim of our study is to compare the antipyretic effect of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen.100 febrile patients aged 2 months-12 years who were admitted into Amir-al-Momenin Hospital in Semnan in 2005, were randomly allocated into two groups consisting of 50 patients each. Acetaminophen (15 mg/kg/dose) was administered to one group and Ibuprofen (10 mg/kg/dose) to the other. Body temperature for each patient was recorded initially before the administration of each drug; and subsequently at 30 min., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours after the drug use. There was no significant difference between the antipyretic effect of acetaminophen and ibuprofen until the end of the 3rd hour. Both drugs lowered fever markedly and proved to be equally effective. However during the 4 th (p=0.029), 5 th (p=0.012), and 6 th (p=0.012) hour after treatment, ibuprofen was more effective than Acetaminophen. In conclusion both acetaminophen and ibuprofen proved to be effective antipyretic agents. The antipyretic effect of both drugs as well as their efficacies was the same, but the duration of action of Ibuprofen was longer than Acetaminophen. 2007 11 01 213 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-127-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Are Stem Cells the next Therapeutic Tool for Heart Repair? Nilam S. Shah Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and Europe. In recent years, the understanding that regenerative processes exist at the level of the myocardium, has placed stem cell research at center stage in cardiology. A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to divide (self replicate) for indefinite periods often throughout the life of the organism. Myocardial regeneration with stem-cell transplantation is a possible treatment option to reverse the deleterious hemodynamic and neurohormonal effects that occur after myocardial infarction and can lead to congestive heart failure. Embryonic stem (ES) cells, bone marrow (BM) stem cells, myoblasts, fetal cardiomyocytes, endothelial progenitors, resident cardiac progenitor cells, and tissue-derived stem cells are potential sources of stem cells. They regenerate heart by differentiation in the endothelial and cardiac lineages, neovascularization as well as influence on the local environment by the release of paracrine factors. Early phase I clinical studies indicate that stem-cell transplantation is feasible and may have beneficial effects on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. The ongoing rigorously- designed trials will contribute greatly to this emerging and exciting new therapeutic approach for diseases of the cardiovascular system. 2007 11 01 217 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Treatment of Huntington&#039;s disease Using Medieval Iranian Practice Mohammad Reza Sailani Zohreh Hojati Maryam Amiri Liana Lachinani Huntington&#39;s disease (HD) is thought to be due to genetically-programmed degeneration of neurons in certain areas of the brain. This degeneration causes uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual faculties, and emotional disturbances. It is along time since the disease started tormenting human beings, and to date, conventional medications have failed to slow down the progression of HD. Although, the majority of currently-developed drugs may cure the symptoms of HD, they also trigger several side effects such as fatigue, restlessness, or hyper excitability. In the present study, investigation was performed widely on Medieval Persian prescriptions based on medical plants for treatment of the disease. Over 10 valid medical references of medieval Persian texts were screened to have a complete collection. Naturally-occurring substances derived from plants currently have a particular place in drug discovery. In conclusion, the study presents the clinical approaches that practitioners in medieval Persia used to classify, and deal with HD. The accurate observations of medieval Persian physicians provide a precise and comprehensive description of the HD. 2007 11 01 229 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Membrane stabilizing property of Ethanol Extract of Cansjera rheedii J.Gmelin (Opiliaceae) Varadarasou Mouttaya Mounnissamy Subramanian Kavimani Vaithilingam Balu Sabarimuthu Darlin Quine Cansjera rheedii is widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment and control of a variety of human inflammatory ailments by the fishermen of Auroville. &nbsp; In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing property of Ethanol Extract of Cansjera rheedii J. Gmelin (EECR) was evaluated in rat using the Human Red Blood Cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization method and carrageenin-induced acute paw edema model. &nbsp; The extract in concentration of 6-100&micro;g/ml showed a dose-dependent inhibition of haemolysis of erythrocytes induced by hypotonic solution. &nbsp; Oral pre-treatment with EECR (250mg/kg) inhibited carrageenin-induced paw edema (41.93%) within 3 hrs. &nbsp; It is concluded that the extract possess anti-inflammatory as well as membrane stabilizing property. 2007 11 01 235 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-123-en.pdf
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Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3 9 10 7 2007 6 2 The Effect of Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Eucalyptus Globules on the Blood Glucose Level in Fasted Rats Shahbaa Muslem Ismail The aim of this study is to determine the effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Eucalyptus globules on blood glucose level in fasted rats, and to find a new medical adjunct to anti-diabetes drugs. The aqueous extract of Eucalyptus was administered in various doses (150-400 mg/kg) orally. Blood glucose level was checked 2-6 h after treatment. The study showed that oral administration of the extract (250 mg/ kg ) resulted in significant decrease in blood glucose level peaking at 4 hours, in a dose-dependent manner ( p < 0.0005 ). This effect declines after 6 hours of feeding in all the doses examined ( 150 , 250 , 400 mg/kg body weight ).These data indicates that Eucalypyus globules represents an effective antihyperglycaemic adjunct for the treatment of diabetes and a potential source for the discovery of new orally-active agent in future. 2007 11 01 239 0 http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-124-en.pdf