1 9 4 239 Effect of Methylmercury on Depression like Behavior in Rats: a Study Mitigated by Exogenous Vitamins Nabi Sh. Ara A. Jahan Rizvi Sh. 1 10 2012 11 1 1 0 13 11 2017 Depression is a heterogenous, multifaceted disorder with symptoms manifested at the psychological, behavioral and physiological level. Therefore, present study was designed as a model to analyze the long lasting effects of methylmercury chloride in male rats with a focus on depression like behavior. Male albino rats of Wistar strain were exposed orally to a dose of 2 mg/kg of methylmercury chloride, 100 mg/kg vitamin-E and 100 mg/kg acetyl-L-carnitine alone or in combination for 14 days. The total treatment time was 28 days. On 29 th day, the animals were tested for tail suspension test and force swim test. Methylmercury-exposed rats displayed significantly longer immobility time (passive floating without limb movements) in both the tests than control animals. Vitamins significantly reduced the immobility period in rats thus offered protection against methylmercury-induced increment in depression like behavior. These findings point to early exposure to environmental contaminants as a possible risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders.
240 Seizurogenic Effects of Low-dose Naloxone in Tramadol Overdose Farzaneh E. Mostafazadeh B. Mehrpour O. 1 10 2012 11 1 6 0 13 11 2017 Tramadol is used in treatment of moderate to severe pain. Nowadays tramadol overdose is one of the common emergencies. Naloxone is an antagonist which is used as a first step of treatment in these patients. This study was designed to evaluate the seizurogenic effects of naloxone in tramadol overdose. A number of 124 patients with the diagnosis of tramadol overdose were divided to receive low-doses of intravenous naloxone (0.8 mg, case group) or just supportive cares (control group). All patients in case and control groups were observed by a single emergency resident and fallowed for 1.5 hours to document the happening of seizures. In the naloxone group, incidence of seizure was higher than in control group. The possibility of seizure occurrence was significantly higher in naloxone group than the control group ( p <0.05). In conclusion, naloxone induced a seizurogenic effect in patients with tramadol overdose. This finding could be considered in the management of patients with tramadol overdose. 238 Effect of Aqueous Extract of Walnut Septum on Blood Glucose and Pancreatic Structure in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mouse Dehghani Farzaneh h Mashhoody Tahereh i Panjehshahin Mohammadreza h shiraz university of medical sciences i shiraz university of medical sciences 1 10 2012 11 1 10 0 13 11 2017 Walnut is a medicinal plant that its different parts such as leaf, seed, root and green husk was shown to reduce blood glucose. In Iranian traditional medicine, septum of walnut shell (SWS) was recommended to reduce blood glucose. But this effect should be determined with scientific researches. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of SWS on blood glucose and histopathological structure of pancreas. For this purpose, 41 male bulb/C mice 25-30 gm were divided into five groups. All the animals received IP injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (220 mg/kg). Two weeks later, the diabetic animals were received daily oral treatment of normal saline and aqueous extract of SWS (200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg) respectively for four weeks. Blood samples were taken from retro-orbital sinus before the start of the experiment and repeated each two week. At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the pancreatic tissues were fixed, prepared and stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin for light microscope studies. The results showed that in each group, the SWS extract reduced blood glucose in long time ( p < 0.05), but this effect was not dose-dependent between groups. This study also showed that the SWS extract had not any effect on pancreatic structure. It seems that aqueous extract of SWS may reduce blood glucose without any effect on pancreatic structure. However, more investigations should be done to clarify these results. 237 The Involvement of Non Opioidergic Mechanism in the Antinociceptive and Antilocomotive Activity of Bacopa monnieri Abbas Muzaffar Subhan Fazal Rauf Khalid ul-Haq Ikram Mohani Syed Nadeem-ul-Hassan 1 10 2012 11 1 15 0 13 11 2017 A hydroethanolic extract (HE-ext) of Bacopa monnieri (BM) was studied for antinociceptive effect in the animal models of acetic-acid-induced writhing test and antilocomotive effect in mice. Standard centrally-acting analgesic, morphine (MP), and peripherally-acting one, diclofenac (Diclo), were also tested along with the extract for comparison. The extract exhibited significant antinociceptive effect ( p < 0.001) in this test, not antagonized by the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (NLX) in a fashion similar to diclofenac. This excluded the involvement of opioids in the mediation of antinociceptive response of Bacopa monnieri . Moreover, the BM HE-ext exhibited highly significant antilocomotive ( p < 0.0001) that was also unaffected by naloxone. These results indicate that Bacopa monnieri possesses antinociceptive and antilocomotive effect that may be mediated through non-opioidergic mechanism. 236 Immunomodulatory Activity of Cod Liver Oil Asad Mohammed Srivathsa Balakrishna 1 10 2012 11 1 20 0 13 11 2017 The immunomodulatory activity of Cod liver oil (CLO) was evaluated by mice lethality test, carbon clearance assay, neutrophil adhesion test, cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia, indirect haemagglutination test and effect on serum immunoglobulin levels. CLO was administered orally at a dose of 0.5 g/kg or 1 g/kg body weight. In mice lethality test, low dose of CLO (0.5 g/kg, po) produced 40% decrease in the mortality ratio compared to the control suggesting an increase in specific immunity against an invading pathogen. The low dose of CLO (0.5 g/kg, po) also showed significant increase in phagocytic index in carbon clearance assay, increased serum immunoglobulin levels (ZST values) and also showed an increase in antibody titer value in indirect haemagglutination test. The high dose of CLO (1 g/kg, po) was effective only in preventing mortality by 33.3% in mice lethality test. However, both the doses of CLO did not show any significant effect on neutrophil adhesion and failed to prevent cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia. It was concluded that CLO in low dose increases humoral immunity. 235 Pharmacology and Toxicology of Leflunomide Lodhi Ram Lal Saraf Shubhini A. Kaithwas Gaurav Saha Sudipta Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rai Barely Road, Lucknow 226025, Lucknow 1 10 2012 11 1 26 0 13 11 2017 Leflunomide (LEF), used for rheumatoid arthritis, inhibits dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and tyrosine kinase (TK) enzymes and has anti-inflammatory, lymphocyte proliferation regulatory, immunosuppression and chondroprotective effects. The most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal disorders, weight loss, hypertension, skin infection, and neurological and hematological toxicity. It also produces hepatotoxicity and teratogenic effects on long term therapy. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) categorized it as black box warning drug since 2010. Therefore, it is necessary to give toxicological informations to scientific communities. This review article is elaborately describes the toxicity of this drug during its long and short term therapies. 233 Diclofenac-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report Babamahmoodi Farhang Eslami Gohar Babamahmoodi Abdolreza 1 10 2012 11 1 33 0 13 11 2017 Drugs are an important cause of Stevens–Johnson syndrome(SJS) in about 95% of reports. 100 drugs have been reported as causes of SJS or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). There are very few reports of SJS due to use of diclofenac. In this report we present a 65 year old lady who developed SJS after usage of diclofenac suppository. 234 Study of Ulcer Protective Effect of Ipomea batatas (L.) Dietary Tuberous Roots (Sweet Potato) Sathish Rengarajan M Rani Natarajan Kumaresapillai Drugs Inspector, Zone 3, Chennai. Asst. Prof, Department of Pharmaceutical biotechnology, Ultra College of Pharmacy, Madurai. 1 10 2012 11 1 36 0 13 11 2017 Peptic ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, commonly occurs in developed countries. The present work was carried out to evaluate antiulcer effect of Ipomoea batatas (L) dietary tuberous roots. The Ethanolic extract of Ipomoea batatas (EEIB) was prepared by dynamic maceration for 7 days at room temperature using 70% ethanol (V/V). The antiulcer activity was evaluated by the Pylorus Ligation (PL) and cold restraint stress (CRS) Induced Ulcer models. Male Wister rats were divided into four groups of 3 animals each for both models and received Normal saline10ml/kg, Famotidine 20 mg/kg, EEIB at 250 & 500 mg/kg respectively. After 1 h of Standard and test treatments pyloric ligation was performed and gastric pH, total acidity, free acidity, total protein, pepsin, ulcer score and ulcer index were determined. In CRS model, drugs were administered orally 30 min prior to subjecting the animals to cold stress (2°C for 3 hours), then ulcer score and ulcer index were determined. Results were mean ± SEM (n=3) and analysed using one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett test. p < 0.05 was considered significant when compared with the toxicant groups. In PL model EEIB significantly ( p < 0.01) reduced the ulcer index by 55.24% and 61.45% at 250 & 500 mg/kg doses respectively. In CRS model, both the doses of EEIB significantly ( p < 0.01) reduced ulcer index by 51.35% ( 250 mg/kg) and 75.68% ( 500 mg/kg). The Ipomoea batatas roots possess anti ulcer activity as evidenced by its significant inhibitory effects on PL and CRS induced ulcers.