1 9 4 177 Protective effects of aqueous extract of M. Pruriens Linn. (DC) seed against gentamicin induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats Modi Ketan Pravin Patel Natvarlal Manilal Goyal Ramesh Kishorilal 1 12 2008 7 2 131 0 13 11 2017 In the present study, we investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens against gentamicin (100 mg kg -1 per day for six days) induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats. Administration of gentamicin to rats induced a marked renal failure, characterized by a significant increase in urine volume and serum creatinine and urea levels. There was a significant decrease in body weight, urinary creatinine level and creatinine clearance in gentamicin treated rats as compared to control. The animals treated with gentamicin also showed a significantly higher kidney lipid peroxides and lower superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activities when compared with the control group. M. prureins seed extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg in addition to gentamicin caused a dose dependant decrease in serum urea and serum creatinine levels and an increase in creatinine clearance. M. pruriens also prevented gentamicin induced rise in lipid peroxides and the reduction of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activities in a dose dependant manner. Our data suggest that M. pruriens extract has protective potential against gentamicin induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats.
178 Effect of aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini Pulp on antioxidant defense system in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats Rekha Namasivayam Balaji Ramachandran Deecaraman Munuswamy 1 12 2008 7 2 137 0 13 11 2017 The aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini (Pulp) was investigated for its possible hypoglycemic and antioxidant potentials in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic wistar female rats. A single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 55 mg/kg body weight elevated the glucose levels more than 230 mg/dl after 3 days. Treatment with the aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini (Pulp) at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight resulted in significant reduction ( p <0.001) in blood glucose levels. Body weights were significantly reduced ( p <0.001) in STZ Induced diabetic rats when compared to normal rats, while in diabetic rats S.cumini extract ( p <0.001) prevented significantly the decrease in body weight in a dose dependant manner. Total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, LDL-c, HDL-c levels were altered in &nbsp; STZ induced diabetic rats, which were considerably restored to near normal in animals treated with S.cumini extract .The administration of aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini &nbsp; resulted in significant ( p <0.001) increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutahione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and reduced glutathione (GSH), thus resulting in reduced free radical formation in liver tissues of the diabetic rats . The increased levels of lipid peroxidation and hydroperoxides in diabetic rats were reverted back to near normal levels after the treatment with aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini . These observations demonstrated that aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini (Pulp) have strong hypoglycemic effect and in vivo antioxidant activity in STZ-Induced diabetic rats and was dose dependent. 175 Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) from backwater clam Marcia opima (Gmelin) Pandian Vijayabaskar Thirugnanasambandan Somasundaran 1 12 2008 7 2 147 0 13 11 2017 Heparin was isolated from whole clam tissue Marcia opima . Purification of multimilligram quantities of heparin from this tissue sample permitted a thorough examination of its anticoagulant activity characterization, which was partially purified by fractionation by anion exchange chromatography using DEAE cellulose column. The isolated crude and partially purified fractionated sample showed metachromatic shift while using azure-A. The sample also exhibited prominent anticoagulant activity. Mobility was analyzed by two different buffer systems using agarose gel electrophoresis. The fractionated molluscan GAG was also found to have similar peaks as that of standard heparin when assessed by the FT-IR spectrum. The bivalve GAG was subjected to fractionation for further purification and its chemical components were analyzed. The fractionated clam heparin also showed substantial in-vitro anticoagulant activity compared to that of commercial heparins. 176 Analgesic, CNS Depressant and Anthelmintic Activity of Sarcostemma viminale Girme Aboli S Nirmal Sunil A Bhalke Rasika D Chavan Machindra J 1 12 2008 7 2 153 0 13 11 2017 Various extracts of Sarcostemma viminale were screened for central analgesic activity by hot plate test, peripheral analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhings, CNS depressant activity by pentobarbitone-induced sleep and locomotor activity testing methods and anthelmintic activity on the earthworms Pheretima posthuma . Results showed that petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts had good central analgesic activity; ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had good peripheral analgesic activity; chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts had good CNS depressant activity and methanol extract had good anthelmintic activity. 174 Effects of tramadol on electrocardiogram, mean electrical axis and respiration in Kagani goats (Capra hircus) Verma Pawan K Raina Rajinder Pankaj Nrip K Prawez shahid Srivastava Anil k 1 12 2008 7 2 157 0 13 11 2017 The effects of tramadol on electrocardiogram (ECG), mean electrical axis and respiratory rates were studied in adult kagani goats after intramuscular administration of tramadol at 1 mg/kg b.wt. as a prelude to its clinical use as an analgesic in veterinary practice. The ECG was monitored by standard bipolar leads and discernible electrocardiographic features were observed in lead II. The normal electrocardiographic parameters in healthy goats were; P-wave (0.04 &plusmn; 0.005 mV, 48 &plusmn; 4.29 ms), QRS complex (0.38 &plusmn; 0.037 mV, 84 &plusmn; 2.86 ms), T-wave (0.11 &plusmn; 0.005 mV, 76 &plusmn; 1.28 ms), PR, ST, QT intervals were 152 &plusmn; 5.72, 280 &plusmn; 7.29, 368 &plusmn; 18.60 ms, respectively. These parameters were not significantly different in goats up to 3h post treatment. Except significant reduction in T-wave amplitude (p<0.05) at 0.5h, no other significant change was observed. Reduction in T-wave indicates early re-polarization phenomenon and is indicative of some transient cardio-acceleratory effect of the drug. The mean electrical axis (56.74 0 &plusmn; 0.6 0 ) before treatment didn&rsquo;t show significant differences up to 3h of post-treatment. The rate of respiration prior to treatment was observed 19.6 &plusmn; 2.57min -1 and administration of tramadol didn&rsquo;t produce any significant change on respiration up to 3h post treatment. 172 Neuropharmacological activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus (euphorbiaceae) in some laboratory animals Ayanniyi Rashidat Oluwafunke Wannang Noel Nenman 1 12 2008 7 2 161 0 13 11 2017 &nbsp;To determine the neuropharmacological activity of the leaf extract of Croton zambesicus in mice and chicks.&nbsp;The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus on thiopental sodium &ndash; induced sleeping time in mice, on gross locomotor activity (GLA) in 2-day old chicks and effect of extract on apomorphine - induced stereotyped behavior in chicks were evaluated.&nbsp;The aqueous extract (1000 and 1500 mg/kg), administered per os (p.o), prolonged the thiopental sodium - induced sleeping time in mice. &nbsp; Extract (20-40 mg/kg i.p) produced a significant ( P < 0.05) decrease in GLA in 2-day old chicks in a dose dependent manner. 40-60 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally (i.p) produced sedation and sleep with a significant ( P < 0.05) decrease in onset and an increase in duration of sleep. The extract had an insignificant (P > 0.05) effect on apomorphine - induced stereotyped behavior in chicks.&nbsp; &nbsp; These results suggest that leaf extract of Croton zambesicus possesses CNS depressant, sedative, and hypnotic activity. 173 Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of some 1, 3, 4 Oxadiazoles Sengupta Pinaki Mal Mainak Mandal Sanchita Singh Jagadish Maity Tapan Kumar 1 12 2008 7 2 165 0 13 11 2017 In the last three decades investigations in the field of oxadiazoles have been intensified due to their diverse therapeutic uses. Oxadiazole are well known to have a wide range of therapeutic activities namely anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, antiparasitic, antimicrobial etc. In this study, we have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of some carboxymethyl derivatives of oxadiazole-2-thiones, the antimicrobial effects of which have not yet been evaluated till date. 171 Antifertility Activity of Stems of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. in Female Albino Rats Edwin sheeja Joshi Siddheshwar Balkrishna Jain Dharam Chand 1 12 2008 7 2 169 0 13 11 2017 In the present study, Plumbago zeylanica Linn. (Plumbaginaceae) , one of the folk medicinal plants commonly used as antifertility agent was evaluated for its antifertility effect. Five successive solvent extracts, petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and water extracts, of the stems of P. zeylanica were studied on estrous cycle at two dose levels, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. &nbsp; Of these, only the acetone extract was found to be most effective in interrupting the normal estrous cycle of the rats ( p <0.05) ( p <0.01) ( p <0.001 ). The rats exhibited prolonged diestrous stage of the estrous cycle with consequent temporary inhibition of ovulation. The antiovulatory activity was reversible on withdrawal of the extract. The effective acetone extract was further studied on estrogenic functionality in rats. The extract showed significant estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity ( p <0.05) ( p <0.01) ( p <0.001 ). Histological studies of the uteri were carried out to confirm the estrogenic activity. The results indicated the antifertility activity of Plumbago zeylanica stem extract in female Wistar rats. 170 Effect of Arsenic on the Disposition Kinetics of Sulphadimidine and Protective efficacy of Pipali (piper longum) in Cockerels Sajan Ram Singh S.P. Varma Rachna Choudhary G. K. Prakash Atul 1 12 2008 7 2 175 0 13 11 2017 This study was designed to evaluate pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine &nbsp; in cockerels fed on subclinical dose of arsenic (100 ppm) in diet and to determine the protective efficacy following simultaneous dietary medication with Piper longum (pipli) &nbsp; (100 ppm) in a 12-week feeding trial. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after single i.v. dose (50 mg/kg) of sulphadimidine in cockerels in three groups fed on 0 ppm &nbsp; arsenic(control), 100 ppm arsenic and arsenic plus powdered dried fruits of Piper longum (100 ppm each)), respectively, in ration for 12 weeks. The elimination half-life (t 1/2 b , h), AUC (&micro;g mL -1 h) and MRT (h) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in arsenic-treated group than those in arsenic plus pipali and control groups. The distribution half-life (t 1/2 a , h), Vd area (L/kg) and clearance (Cl, mL/kg/h) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in arsenic-treated group in comparison to arsenic plus pipali and control groups. Dosage regimens at 8 and 12 h interval for therapeutic plasma concentration (25 &micro;g/mL) of sulphadimidine revealed significant (P<0.05) reduction in priming and maintenance doses in arsenic-treated cockerels in comparison to control. However, the priming and maintenance doses were higher in arsenic plus pipali-treated group than those in the group treated only with arsenic. It is, thus, concluded from this study that arsenic altered pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in cockerels and simultaneous treatment with pipali for 12 weeks (100 ppm) revealed protective efficacy against arsenic-induced pharmacokinetic effects. 169 Evaluation of wound healing potential of Chicorium intybus in rats as animal model Syed Naveed Ahmed Hasan Tarique Noorul Aalam Syed Mohammed Musheer 1 12 2008 7 2 181 0 13 11 2017 The plant Chicorium intybus is used in traditional medicinal system as skin nourisher and to treat several skin aliments such as warts. The objective of this study was to evaluate ethanolic extract of Chicorium intybus for its wound healing activity in rats. The extract was tested on three groups of male Albino rats, consisting of six animals each, which were placed individually in cages. All animals were experimentally wounded in the posterior neck (2cm x 2cm). Normal saline was applied topically to wounds of Group 1 animals as placebo control. Wounds of Group 2 and 3 rats, were treated with ethanolic extract of C hicorium intybus at 50mg/mL and 100mg/mL concentrations. The extract accelerated wound healing in rats compared with controls. Complete wound epithelization was observed, fresh hair began to grow in the entire wounded area within 18days in animals treated with the 100mg/mL ethanolic extract of Chicorium intybus compared with only 80.3 mm 2 area contraction without hair growth in control rats. The study permits the conclusion that ethanolic extract of Chicorium intybus has wound healing potential. 168 “Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Sudarshan Churna: A Polyherbal Formulation” Bhargava Sushil 1 12 2008 7 2 185 0 13 11 2017 Sudarshan Churna (SC) is very potent Ayurvedic medicine ; composed of 42 medicinal plants, which is used traditionally in treatment of malaria, viral fever, and bacterial infection. The Present study was designated to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Sudarshan Churna (ASC) using the paper disc diffusion method. The ASC was found active against the gram-negative bacteria K. pneumoniae, E. coli , and gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, P. vulgris and found less effective against gram-positive bacteria S. epidermidis and B. subtilis. The ASC shows significantly &nbsp;less effect against C. Albicans .&nbsp; &nbsp;