OTHERS_CITABLE In-vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of extracts of Bauhinia vareigata Linn bark on Human Neutrophils Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} The in-vitro immunomodulatory activity of Bauhinia variegata Linn (Caesalpiniaceae) stem bark extracts on human neutrophils was carried out in the present study. The acetone-water, aqueous extracts and isolated compound (tannin) of Bauhinia variegata stem bark were screened for their possible immunomodulatory activity by assessing nitroblue tetrazolium test, phagocytosis of killed Candida albicans , candidacidal assay, neutrophil locomotion and chemotaxis. All the extracts were tested at concentrations viz. 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 1000 mg/ml. The acetone:water and isolated compound of Bauhinia variegata Linn stem bark showed predominantly significant activity on in vitro human neutrophils in all parameters, which are comparable to standard and control at different concentration indicating the possible immunostimulating effect. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-214-en.pdf 2010-09-15 41 0 J. K. Patil 1 AUTHOR S. S. Jalalpure 2 AUTHOR S. Hamid 3 AUTHOR R. A. Ahirrao 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effect of Bioflavonoid Quercetin on Endotoxin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver Septicaemia caused by gram-negative pathogens is a dangerous infection which is associated with high incidence of liver dysfunction. The severe and acute hepatotoxicity is presumably due to massive release of endotoxin into systemic circulation after bacterial killing. The direct toxic effect of endotoxin is probably due to the increased production of reactive oxygen intermediates as O 2 - , peroxides and nitric oxide. Quercetin (QT) and its sugar conjugates are the most abundantly-distributed bioflavonoids in plant kingdom and has potent antioxidant properties. The present study is aimed at investigating effect of QT in salvaging endotoxin-induced hepatic dysfunction and oxidative stress in rat liver. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administrating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in a single dose of 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally to the rats. Liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), total bilirubin and total protein were measured in serum. Oxidative stress in liver tissue homogenates was estimated by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione content (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). LPS induced a marked hepatic dysfunction evident by rise in serum levels of ALT, AST and decrease in total bilirubin ( p <0.05). TBARS levels were significantly increased whereas GSH and SOD levels decreased in the liver homogenates of LPS-treated rats. Chronic treatment of QT successfully attenuated these effects of LPS. In conclusion, these findings suggest that QT attenuates LPS-induced hepatotoxicity possibly by preventing cytotoxic effects of NO, oxygen free radicals and cytokines. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-213-en.pdf 2010-09-15 47 0 S. Pilkhwal 1 AUTHOR N. Tirkey 2 AUTHOR A. Kuhad 3 AUTHOR Kanwaljit Chopra 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Protective Effect of Wrightia Tinctoria Bark Triterpenoidal Fraction on Ccl4-Induced Acute Rat Liver Toxicity The present investigation aims at assessing the hepatoprotective effect of triterpene fraction isolated from the stem bark of Wrightia tinctoria (containing lupeol, b -amyrin and b -sitosterol) on CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. CCl 4 (1.5 mg/kg, i.p) is a potent hepatotoxic agent which causes peroxidative degeneration of membrane lipids with the potential outcome of fatty degeneration. The peroxidative products induce hypoperfusion of the membrane and cytosolic enzymes appear in the blood, elevation of serum marker enzymes namely SGPT, SGOT and ALP and decrease in hepatic glutathione and SOD. The hepatoprotection of triterpene is compared with silymarin, a well known standard hepatoprotectant. Pretreatment with triterpene fraction (125, 250 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. once a day for 4 days before CCl 4 and continued further 3 days) attenuated the CCl 4 -induced acute increase in serum SGPT, SGOT and ALP activities and considerably reduced the histopathological alterations. Further, triterpene fraction reduced thiopentone-induced sleeping time, suggesting the protection of liver metabolizing enzymes. Triterpenes administration changed the tissue redox system by scavenging the free radicals and by improving the antioxidant status of the liver replenished the depleted hepatic GSH and SOD. Triterpene pretreatment improves bromosulphalalin clearance of the CCl 4 -intoxicated liver and also increases the cellular viability. These effects substantiates protection of cellular phospholipid from peroxidative damage induced by highly reactive toxic intermediate radicals formed during biotransformation of CCl 4 . Triterpene fraction afforded protection against the hepatic abnormalities due to presence of lupeol and b -amyrin. This study supports the traditional use of W. Tinctoria bark in liver diseases. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.pdf 2010-09-15 55 0 P. Bigoniya 1 AUTHOR A. C. Rana 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Anti-Hyperlipidemic and Anti-Atherosclerotic Activities of Silymarins from Cultivated and Wild Plants of Silybum marianum L. With Different Content of Flavonolignans The object of this study is to evaluate the influence of silymarins from cultivated and wild Silybum marianum L. plants with different content of flavonolignans, especially silibinin on serum lipids levels and on the experimental atherosclerosis development in rabbits fed on high cholesterol-diet (HCD). Forty eight male six-months-old white New Zealand rabbits (1.8-2 kg) were randomly assigned into six equal groups: positive control group - fed on HCD, negative control group- fed on standard laboratory diet and four groups fed on HCD with two different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) of silymarins from cultivated and wild plants. Silymarin extracts were administered via the oral route, once daily for 2 months. Feeding of rabbits on HCD supplemented with both silymarins from cultivated and wild plants at the dose of 200 mg/kg/d caused a significant decrease in levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triacylglycerols. On the other hand, administration of silymarin from cultivated plants at the dose of 200 mg/kg/d in the diet enhanced significantly HDL-C serum content of rabbits. Both silymarins, at the dose of 200 mg/kg/d showed a significant inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque formation. Although a clear dose-dependent relationship was observed at the applied doses, but the pharmacological effects of silymarin from wild plants with lower content of silibinin, at the dose of 100 mg/kg/d were compared to those of silymarin of cultivated ones. Our results confirmed the anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects of silymarins from both cultivated and wild milk thistle plants. In addition, the results allowed us to suggest that other constituents rather than silybinin may be responsible for therapeutic effects of silymarin. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-211-en.pdf 2010-09-15 63 0 T. Radjabian 1 AUTHOR H. Fallah Huseini 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Changes in Biochemical Parameters Related to Lipid Metabolism Following Titanium Treatment in Rat Titanium salts are widely used in pharmacy and industry as intensely white permanent pigment with good covering power in paints , paper , toothpaste , plastics and food dye s. This ion is a redox-active transition metal and may cause oxidative damages to lipids, proteins and DNA molecules. In spite of abundant literature, questions about the side effects of titanium ions still remain to be answered. In this study, the effects of titanium on biochemical parameters related to lipid metabolism were investigated. Male Wistar rats were treated with different doses of titanium for a period of up to 60 days. Blood samples were then collected for analysis . Lipid-related parameters in plasma were measured by standard methods. It was shown that titanium reduced plasma VLDL and triglycerides concentrations but increase in LDL-C and cholesterol levels were seen in all experimental groups. Titanium also showed to inhibit lipoprotein lipase activity. The finding that titanium increases LDL and cholesterol concentrations should be considered seriously, especially in people exposing to titanium compounds for a long period. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.pdf 2010-09-15 69 0 H. Ahmadvand 1 AUTHOR M. Ani 2 AUTHOR A. A. Moshtaghie 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Lipid Lowering Activity of Lercanidipine in Hyperlipidemic Rats The present study was aimed at evaluating the lipid lowering activity of lercanidipine, a calcium channel blocker, in standard diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. Hyperlipidemic rats were divided into different groups and were treated with daily oral dose of lercanidipine and atorvastatin for 7 days. On 8 th day, blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum lipid levels using commercial kits. The rats were fed with standard cholesterol diet to induce hyperlipidemia. The effect of lercanidipine on lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic rats was estimated. Like atorvastatin, a standard lipid lowering drug, lercanidipine reduced the cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein levels. These findings suggest that anti-hyperlipidemic activity of lercanidipine, which may be used for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases associated with hyperlipidemia. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-208-en.pdf 2010-09-15 73 0 K. Prasanna Kumar 1 AUTHOR A. Rama Narsimha Reddy 2 AUTHOR Y. Narsimha Reddy 3 AUTHOR J. Anbu 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE New Derivatives from Phencyclidine Increase Food and Water Intake in Wistar Rats Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine, CAS 956-90-1, PCP, I) and its derivatives have shown many pharmacological and behavioral effects. Also, food and water intake of many drugs such as PCP and its analogues have been studied in laboratory animals. In this work, two derivatives (II, III) of phencyclidine were tested for feeding behaviors effects on rats and compared to PCP and vehicle (saline) . The results showed that, both derivatives can increase food and water intake in comparison to the PCP and vehicle (control) groups that have measured 1-12 h for food and 30&ndash;180 min for water intake after injection. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf 2010-09-15 77 0 A. Ahmadi 1 AUTHOR J. Solati 2 AUTHOR M. khalili 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Anti-Fertility Activity of Methanol Extract of Bassia latifolia and Cajanus cajan in Female Albino Mice Ovaries Bassia latifolia bud and Cajanus cajan seed were evaluated for anti-fertility activity in mature female mice. Anti-fertility activity was evaluated by observing the estrus cycle, body weight, wet weight of ovaries, steroidogenic enzymes, and substrates. Bassia latifolia bud and Cajanus cajan seed extract arrested normal oestrous cycle at dioestrous stage. The decrease in weight of ovary and uterus after administration of methanol extracts of Bassia latifolia bud and Cajanus cajan seed in mice is related to inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis in mature female mice. The accumulation of total cholesterol and ascorbic acid in the ovaries of the mature female mice also indicates the inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis due to the reduced activity of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and D 5 -3b-H ydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase. The oestrus cycle of the extract-treated mice resumes to normal after 28 and 42 days respectively for both plants. Thus, the anti-fertility activities were found to be reversible. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-207-en.pdf 2010-09-15 83 0 S. Bandyopadhyay 1 AUTHOR M. Gupta 2 AUTHOR M. Gupta 3 AUTHOR U. K. Majumdar 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Aldosterone Induces Oxidative Stress Via NADPH Oxidase and Downregulates the Endothelial NO Synthesase in Human Endothelial Cells Aldosterone is traditionally viewed as a hormone regulating electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that Aldo can cause microvascular damage, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. However, its exact cellular mechanisms remain obscure. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of Aldo on superoxide production in human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) . Moreover we attempted to investigate possible roles of NADPH oxiadse isoforms Nox2 and Nox4 as well as p47phox and p22phox subunits. In addition, we examine how Aldo regulates endothelial NO synthase [1] in these settings. HUAECs were incubated for 2h hours [2] with Aldo 10 &ndash;7 mol/L . NADPH oxidase expression and activity were estimated by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence . Moreover, eNOS expression was also determined. The present results showed that stimulation of HUAECs with Aldo (10&ndash;7 mol/L) resulted in a significant upregulation in each of Nox2, p47 phox and p22 phox protein levels, whose effects were abolished by the mineralcorticod receptor antagonist spironolactone [3] . However, Aldo did not exhibit any significant change in Nox4 protein level. Functionally, these effect were reflected on increased oxidative stress markers as evidenced by increased NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide production in addition to 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Aldo-induced increased in superoxide production and nitrosative stress were inhibited by Spiro. On the other hand, Aldo significantly inhibited eNOS protein expression and pretreatment with Spiro restored eNOS to normal level. Taken together, the present results demonstrate that Aldo induces oxidative ? nitrosative via MR receptor-mediated activation of the NADPH-oxidase isoform Nox2 and downregulates eNOS in &nbsp; HUAECs. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-206-en.pdf 2010-09-15 89 0 Aldo-oxidative stress-NADPH oxidase-endothelium A. Mohamed Taye 1 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Antidiarrhoeal and Antiulcer Activities of Mammea Africana The &nbsp; stembark of Mammea africana is used traditionally for the treatment of stomach pains. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of ethanolic stembark extract of Mammea africana on experimentally induced diarrhoea and ulcer . The extract ( 30 &ndash; 90mg/kg) was administered orally in rats 30 minutes to one hour before the induction of diarrhoeal and ulcer using different experimental models. Castor oil (2ml) was used to induce diarrhoea, while indomethacin (60mg/kg) and ethanol (2.5ml/kg) were used to induce ulcers in rats. F requency of defecation , inhibition of intestinal propulsion and fluid accumulation were measured in the case of diarrhoea and ulcer index were calculated to examine ulcer preventive ratio of the extract. The extract ( 3 0 &ndash; 9 0mg/kg) significantly &nbsp; inhibited &nbsp; castor oil induced diarrhoea, small intestine transit time and castor oil induced fluid accumulation as well as indomethacin and ethanol induced ulcer models. The effect of the extract in th ese models was un comparable to the various standard drugs used. These findings justify the use of this stembark traditionally in the treatment of stomach pains and disorders. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-205-en.pdf 2010-09-15 96 0 J. Efiom Okokon 1 AUTHOR E. E. Umoh 2 AUTHOR F. U. Umoh 3 AUTHOR E. I. Etim 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Antioxidant Activity of Eclipta alba L. in Normal Rat Liver The present study investigates the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts Eclipta alba L. Hassk (EAEA) which was widely used as hepatoprotective plant. EAEA was orally administered at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 7 days in male Charles Foster rats. The extent of hepatoprotective potential of E . alba was studied by assessing the biochemical parameters like lipid peroxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid and &alpha;-tocopherol in the liver of rats. Oral administration of the EAEA significantly decrease LPO and elevated the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx and GR as well as endogenous levels of ascorbic acid and &alpha;-tocopherol in the liver of male Charles Foster rats. This study has revealed the significant antioxidant potential of E. alba in rat liver. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-204-en.pdf 2010-09-15 103 0 A. Sandeep Majumdar 1 AUTHOR M. Natvarlal Saraf 2 AUTHOR R. Yadav Kamble 3 AUTHOR