OTHERS_CITABLE Board of Consultants and Advisors http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-166-en.pdf 2008-10-15 0 0 Selvaraju Subash 1 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Studies of In-Vitro Amlodipine and Arsenic Displacement Interaction at Binding Sites of Bovine Serum Albumin In this study, the binding of amlodipine (a Ca ++ channel Blocker) and arsenic (metalloid) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by equilibrium dialysis(ED) method in order to have an insight into their binding chemistry to BSA. Free amlodipine concentration was increased due to addition of arsenic which reduced the binding of the compounds to BSA. However, the free fraction was not increased to a level as it was expected from direct competitive displacement. The free amlodipine concentration was increased according to increasing the amlodipine concentration when only the BSA was present. When the binding sites were blocked by sufficient amount of arsenic, the increment of free concentration of amlodipine was prominent. When no arsenic was added, the free concentration of amlodipine was only 6.6% to 10.3%; whereas this release was 7.65% to 13.65% when arsenic was added with an increasing concentration from 1x10 -5 M to 12x10 -5 M. This suggests that in the presence of arsenic, the amlodipine is slowly displaced from its high affinity binding site with increasing arsenic concentration, the increment was small as compared to that of amlodipine to BSA. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-167-en.pdf 2008-10-15 1 0 Ashraful Alam 1 AUTHOR Abdul Awal 2 AUTHOR Nusrat Subhan 3 AUTHOR Mahmudul Hasan Sikder 4 AUTHOR S. M. Mahbubul Alam 5 AUTHOR Mahbub Mostofa 6 AUTHOR Saikh Jamal Uddin 7 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Hepatoprotective Activity of Camellia Sinensis and Its Possible Mechanism of Action The present study appraised the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis leaves and its possible mechanism of action against carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver damage. Liver damage was induced by   intraperitoneal administration of equal mixture of carbon tetrachloride   and olive oil (50 % v/v, 0.5 ml/kg ) in male Wistar rats (150-220g) once daily for 7 days and the extent of damage was studied by assessing biochemical parameters such as alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and albumin in serum and concentrations of lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver . The aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis (100 mg and 200 mg/Kg) were administered orally to the animals with hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride and its effects on biochemical parameters were compared with Vitamin E (100 mg/Kg) treated animals. Histopathological studies of the experimental animal were also done. Camellia sinensis 100 and 200mg/kg results in significant reduction in serum hepatic enzymes and liver lipid peroxide which were increased by carbon tetrachloride. There was significant increase in serum total protein, albumin and liver GSH, SOD and CAT when compared to those in rats treated by carbon tetrachloride . The antioxidant activity of Camellia sinensis (100 and 200mg/Kg) were comparable with the effects of Vitamin E (100mg/Kg). Histopathological changes (congestion of central vein, centrilobular necrosis and sinusoidal congestion) induced by carbon tetrachloride were prevented to a moderate extent in Camellia-sinensis -treated rats. Taking together, Camellia sinensis protectes the liver from carbon-tetrachloride-induced damage. Probable mechanism of its action may be due to its anti-oxidant property . http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.pdf 2008-10-15 9 0 Singaravel Sengottuvelu 1 AUTHOR Srinivasan Duraisami 2 AUTHOR Jothivel Nandhakumar 3 AUTHOR Rasilingam Duraisami 4 AUTHOR Mani Vasudevan 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE The Effect of Bubble Surface Charge on Phonophoresis It is over several decades that ultrasound is used to enhance the transdermal drug delivery (phonphoresis). The mechanism of the enhancement is not fully understood and the ability of ultrasound on the enhancement for some drugs is unclear. The effect of continuous wave 870 KHz ultrasound at intensity of 1 W/cm 2 for 15 minutes on transdermal absorption of piroxicam from solution and gel formulations in hairless rat skin was studied. Exposure to ultrasound increased the rate of diffusion from gel and solution of piroxicam to 10 and 3 times higher than that in skins not exposed to ultrasound. We strongly believe that the lower diffusion of piroxicam from solution is caused by the presence of extra bubbles generated by ultrasound. It can be suggested that cavitation activity and its negative surface charges play a dominant rule in phonophoresis. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.pdf 2008-10-15 15 0 Mohammad Bagher Shiran 1 AUTHOR Manijeh Motevalian 2 AUTHOR Rezvan Ravanfar 3 AUTHOR Shahab Bohlooli 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Antimicrobial Activity of Butea Monosperma Lam. Gum Gum of Butea monosperma is used to treat microbial and fungal infections in folk medicine. To validate this use, the in- vitro antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether and alcoholic extract of Butea monosperma gum was evaluated against various microbial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium , Pseudomonas aeuriogenosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution technique. Both extracts showed significant inhibition against reference gram positive bacteria and fungal strains. MIC value of petroleum ether extract against gram positive and fungal strains was 300 m g / ml and that of alcoholic extract was 200 m g / ml. No extract showed inhibitions against gram negative bacteria. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-162-en.pdf 2008-10-15 21 0 Shailendra S. Gurav 1 AUTHOR Vijay D. Gulkari 2 AUTHOR Nandkishore J. Duragkar 3 AUTHOR Arun T. Patil 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Euphorbia tirucalli Treatment of diseases with natural remedies is gaining popularity because of its fewer side effects.   A systemic and scientific investigation of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential against carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats was carried out . Antioxidant property was assessed by using reducing property, superoxide anion scavanging and hydroxyl radical scavenging property. Hepato-protective property was assessed by measuring the extent of reversal of enhanced biochemical markers of hepatitis, like Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase, Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase ALP, Biluribin, cholesterol, triglycerides and also by estimating the tissue glutathione (GSH) levels and the extent of reduction in the tissue lipid peroxidation . The aqueous extract has demonstrated dose-dependant invitro antioxidant property (at 20 m g, 40 m g, 60 m g, 80 m g, 100 m g) in all the models of the study. Similarly, aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli at the doses of 125mg/kg and 250mg/kg produced significant hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the serum enzymes, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and tissue lipid peroxidation, while it significantly increased the levels of tissue GSH in a dose-dependant manner.   From the present study, it may be concluded that the test extract possesses antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. The hepatoprotective property may be attributed to its antioxidant potential. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.pdf 2008-10-15 25 0 T.M. Jyothi 1 AUTHOR M.M. Shankariah 2 AUTHOR K. Prabhu 3 AUTHOR S. Lakshminarasu 4 AUTHOR G.M. Srinivasa 5 AUTHOR Siddamsetty Setty Ramachandra 6 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Antioxidative Activity of Melia Azedarach Linn Leaf Extract The antioxidant activity of the melia azedarach was investigated in rats with ethanol-induced erythrocyte damage. Chronic administration of ethanol (20% w/v, 2 g/kg.p.o.,daily for four weeks) increased the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO), decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and reduced the content of glutathione (GSH). The concurrent treatment of ethanol-administered rats with melia azedarach (500mg/kg, p.o.) prevented the above ethanol-induced changes and the effect was compared with combination of vitamin E and C. It can therefore be suggested that the leaves of melia azedarach posses an erythrocyte protective activity against drug-induced oxidative stress. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.pdf 2008-10-15 31 0 Mohd Fazil Ahmed 1 AUTHOR Mohd Ibrahim 2 AUTHOR Mohd Ashwaq Ahmed 3 AUTHOR Hameed Thayyil 4 AUTHOR Khaja Zameeruddin 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Evaluation of the Effect of Onosma Bracteatum Wall (Boraginaceae) On Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Sensitized Guinea Pigs Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. The available treatment options have major limitations owing to low efficacy, associated adverse events and compliance issues. Therefore, the health burden of bronchial asthma is increasing globally at an alarming rate, providing a strong impetus for the development of new therapeutics. Onosma bracteatum ( O. bracteatum ) is known traditionally in Ayurveda to possess anti-asthmatic activity. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of aerial parts of O. bracteatum on bronchial hyperreactivity by various in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Experimental models studied were total and differential cell estimation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) , estimation of histamine release from lungs, in vitro studies on tracheal strip and histopathological studies of egg albumin-sensitized guinea pigs. Treatment with ethanolic extract of O. bracteatum (5 mg/kg, p.o., for 15 days) significantly decreased the total and differential leukocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and also blocked histamine release from chopped lung tissues of sensitized guinea pigs.   Ethanolic extract of O. bracteatum (5 mg/kg, p.o., for 15 days) prevented the potentiation of the responses of histamine and acetylcholine which resulted in a significant decrease in pD 2 value of histamine and acetylcholine in guinea pig tracheal strip. Histopathological changes induced by egg albumin were also significantly reduced by the treatment with ethanolic extract of O. bracteatum (5 mg/kg, p.o., for 15 days) . These results suggest that O. bracteatum decreases bronchial hyperresponsiveness by decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory mediators like eosinophils, neutrophils in BALF, inhibiting histamine release from lungs of sensitized guinea pigs and by decreasing airway inflammation. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.pdf 2008-10-15 35 0 Kalpana Govindbhai Patel 1 AUTHOR Kirti Vinodrai Patel 2 AUTHOR Tejal Ricky Gandhi 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Anxiolytic, Antidepressant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Methanol Extract of Leaves of Momordica Charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) Methanol extract of dried leaves of Momordica charantia Linn ( Cucurbitaceae ) was investigated for anxiolytic, antidepressant and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models. Anxiolytic activity of methanol extract of dried leaves of Momordica charantia Linn was tested by elevated plus maze test and the results showed a significant anxiolytic effect comparable, with diazepam in all the tested doses. Behaviour despair test was used to assess antidepressant activity of methanol extract of M. charantia Linn leaves. The extract treatment showed antidepressant effect by decreasing mobility time of subjected rats to forced swimming dose of 300 mg/kg extract, the swimming behaviour of the animals was comparable to the standard drug imipramine. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied by Carrageenin-induced edema in rats 60 percent edema inhibition was observed with 300 mg/kg methanol extract of dried leaves of Momordica charantia Linn, which was nearly equivalent to that of 10 mg/kg of indomethacin. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-159-en.pdf 2008-10-15 43 0 Arunachalam Ganesan 1 AUTHOR Subramanian Natesan 2 AUTHOR Pazhani Gururaja perumal 3 AUTHOR Ravichandiran Vellayutham 4 AUTHOR Karunanithi Manickam 5 AUTHOR Nepolean Ramasamy 6 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Wound Healing and Antioxidant Activities of Morinda Citrifolia Leaf Extract In Rats Morinda citrifolia (Noni) has been traditionally used for bone and wound healing. &nbsp; The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Morinda citrifolia leaves on experimental wounds and lipid peroxide levels in rats. Effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Morinda citrifolia (200 mg/kg) on excision, resutured incision and dead space wound models were studied. Measurement of blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological studies were also carried out. There was a significant increase (p<0.0001) in wound contraction rate, tensile strength, granuloma breaking strength, collagen content, dry granuloma weight (p<0.01) and hydroxyproline content. A significant decrease (p<0.0001) in epithelialisation period and MDA levels in Morinda citrifolia leaf extract treated group were observed when compared to control group. From the results, it may be concluded that the M. citrifolia aqueous leaves enhances the wound healing and possess antioxidant activity. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.pdf 2008-10-15 49 0 Vijaykumar Pandurang Rasal 1 AUTHOR Arulmozhi Sinnathambi 2 AUTHOR Purnima Ashok 3 AUTHOR Sridhar Yeshmaina 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Electrical Lesion of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta; An Alternative and Convenient Way to Generate the Animal Model of Parkinson’s Disease The unilateral or bilateral lesion of the Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) by chemical neurotoxins such as 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) or 1- Methyl-4- phenyl -1,2,3,6 &ndash; tetirahydro pyridine (MPTP) are the most commonly and the main used methods for generating the animal models of Parkinson&rsquo;s disease (PD). But these agents are expensive, dangerous, difficult to use and inaccessible conveniently due to the international economical sanctions recently in Iran. Hence investigation the alternative and possible way to solve these problems was based of this research. Forty eight animals were included in this study and divided into six groups. One group was selected as the control and also two groups as the sham of the SNc lesion. Other remained groups were subjected to lesion of SNc by 6-OHDA, MPTP and electrical lesion. SNC of subjected groups for lesion were destroyed using neurotoxins and electrical lesion. Finally with in vitro, histological studies and Murprogo&rsquo;s method precision and effectiveness of the electrical lesion was compared with chemical lesions. Our results showed the same efficacy of lesion for electrical lesion method with regard to the neurotoxins. Due to the technical convenient, low cost, accessibility and the same potency of electrical lesion, this method can speak as a alternative method for generating the PD models and especially is a beneficial method that neuroscientists can use it in the future studies. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.pdf 2008-10-15 53 0 Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani 1 AUTHOR Hadi Fathi Moghaddam 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Antimicrobial Activity of Ketoconazole and Fluconazole against Metronidazole Resistance Strains of Helicobacter pylori: an In Vitro Study Resistance to drug such as metronidazole is one the commonest causes of treatment failure while eradicating Helicobacter pylori . Considering the safety of ketoconazole and fluconazole and their inhibitory activity on biosynthesis of fatty acids from cholesterol in cell membrane of H.pylori , the idea of their efficacy against H.pylori is raising . The aim of this study is to evaluate susceptibilities of metronidazole-resistant strains of H.pylori against two antifungal drugs, ketoconazole and fluconazole. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 35 isolates of H.pylori from patients with digestive disorders were recruited. Plates were incubated microaerobically. Resistance to metronidazole, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ketoconazole and fluconazole for H.pylori isolates were determined by two methods: disc diffusion and agar dilution. Disc diffusion method indicated that metronidazole resistance was seen in 11 strains out of 35. Ketoconazole and fluconazole MICs were 8 and 40 mg/lit , respectively, which was confirmed by agar dilution method. Ketoconazole and fluconazole showed an excellent in vitro activity against the H.pylori isolates. However, in vivo activity of these drugs should be evaluated in controlled clinical trials. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf 2008-10-15 57 0 Shahram Agah 1 AUTHOR Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad 2 AUTHOR Azadeh Yousefnejad 3 AUTHOR Farideh Siavashi 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Spectrophotometric Determination of Corticosteroids and Its Application in Pharmaceutical Formulation A simple, sensitive and economically viable spectrophotometric method for the determination of corticosteroids (predinsolone {PSL}, dexamethasone {DEX}, prednisone {PS}, betamethasone sodium phosphate {BEP} and hydrocortisone {HYD} has been developed. The method involves the oxidation of corticosteroids by iron (III) and subsequent complexation of iron (II) with potassium hexacynoferrate (III), forming bluish green colored complex having the maximum absorbance at 780 nm. The method has been applied for the determination of above-mentioned corticosteroids in pharmaceutical formulations. The common excipients do not interfere with the proposed method. A statistical comparison of these results with those of reported method shows good agreement and indicates no significant difference in the precision. The precision of the method developed is implied from the values of standard deviation which are varying from 0.03% to 1.06%. These are remarkable in comparison to the existing visible spectrophotometric studies on steroids. Marketed formulations of reported steroids have been analysed by calibration. Recovery experiments were found to be quantitative, and analysis to determine the mass per tablet was obtained with the variation of &plusmn;0.25% to 0.85% which implies the success of the method to get rid of the interference from excipients. The studies have shown that the method is fast, reproducible and accurate and can be used in the analysis of marketed formulations. The processed samples are also stable up to 2hours that minimizing the error in terms of fluctuating absorbance values. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.pdf 2008-10-15 61 0 D. K. Singh 1 AUTHOR Rohan Verma 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE In Vitro Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitory and Antimicrobial Activity of Phyllanthus Niruri (Euphorbiaceae) Extract The present work was designed to evaluate the in vitro lipid peroxidation inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of Phyllanthus niruri (MEPN) (Family: &nbsp; Euphorbiaceae) . &nbsp; Lipid peroxidation was measured by the optical density of the prepared solutions (10-320 &micro;g/ml) and then the percent inhibition was calculated. Ascorbate/FeSO 4 -induced peroxidation was inhibited by standard antioxidants such as L-ascorbic acid, Quercetin and MEPN. &nbsp; Moreover, the percent inhibition of the methanol extract was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. IC 50 value for the MEPN, L-ascorbic acid and Quercetin for lipid peroxidation was found to be 62. 5 &micro;g/ml, 41 &micro;g/ml and 19.75 &micro;g/ml respectively. The antimicrobial activity of MEPN was determined by disc diffusion method with various gram positive and gram-negative microorganisms. &nbsp; The MEPN showed strong antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pumillus 8241, Bacillus cereus , Escherichia Coli 54B and Vibrae Cholera at a concentration of 750 m g/ml/disc. However, its activity against Staphylococcus aureus ML 152 and Vibrae cholera 14035 was less significant. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was compared with the standard drug, Chloramphenicol at a concentration of 10 m g/ml/disc. The results obtained in the present investigation clearly suggest that MEPN can be a potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.pdf 2008-10-15 67 0 yerra rajeshwar 1 AUTHOR Rayees Ahmad 2 AUTHOR A. Shyam Sunder 3 AUTHOR J. Devilal 4 AUTHOR Malaya Gupta 5 AUTHOR Upal Kanti Mazumder 6 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effect of Prenatal Stress and Serotonin Depletion on Postnatal Serotonin Metabolism in Wistar Rats Prenatal stress in rats results in structural, physiological and behavioral alterations that persist in adulthood. Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter known to be involved in these prenatal stress-induced behavioral alterations. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of interrupted synthesis of 5-HT and immobilization stress during different gestational period on brain serotonergic system of male and female neonatal (postnatal day 15) and adult rats (60 days old). Pregnant rats were subjected to restraint stress three times daily for 45 min during day 3-14 (G 3-14) or day 14-21 (G 14-21) of pregnancy. Another group of pregnant rats were injected with the inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis, parachlorophenylalanine (p-CPA, 400mg/kg/2ml, single dose, ip) on day 9 or 17 of pregnancy. Following sacrifice, tissue concentrations of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were analyzed in whole brains of neonatal pups and in brainstem, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and frontal cortex of adults. Stress during G 14-21 days showed a significant reduction of 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in early neonatal development but not later during adult hood. Decreases in whole brain concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were observed in p-CPA 9 and G 14-21 neonatal pups. The concentration of 5-HT was decreased in frontal cortex hypothalamus of adult rats receiving p-CPA prenatal stress affects tissue concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in neonatal pups and adults and it is possible that such changes may underlie the reported behavioral deficits in offspring of stressed female rats. These data also provide evidence that the critical period for prenatal stress-induced changes in brain 5-HT neurons were between days 14-21(during final trimester of pregnancy). http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf 2008-10-15 71 0 Sampath Kumar Madhyastha 1 AUTHOR Latha V Prabhu 2 AUTHOR Soubhagyaranjan Nayak 3 AUTHOR Rajalakshmi Rai 4 AUTHOR Mangala M Pai 5 AUTHOR Prashanthi S Madhyastha 6 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Anticonvulsant Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract Of Croton Zambesicus (Euphorbiaceae) In Mice and Rats To determine the anticonvulsant activity of the leaf extract of Croton zambesicus in mice and rats, and in order to verify the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of epilepsy. The pentyleneterazole (PTZ) and the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) models were used for assessing the anticonvulsant effects of the aqueous leaf extract in mice and rats. In the PTZ test, the leaf extract (1000-2000 mg/kg p.o.) produced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the onset of seizures in rats and mice compared with the control group. The aqueous extract (1500 and 2000 mg/kg p.o.) produced (42.9%) protection in rats, while (1000 mg/kg p.o.) produced significant protection (71.4%) against PTZ-induced convulsion in mice. In the MES test, the aqueous extract (500-1500 mg/kg p.o.) produced a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the onset of seizures compared with the control group. At (1500 mg/kg p.o.) the extract also produced significant protection (71.4%) against MES-induced convulsions in mice. The results obtained from this study indicate that the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus may be beneficial in both absence and tonic clonic seizures. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf 2008-10-15 79 0 Rashidat Oluwafunke Ayanniyi 1 AUTHOR Noel Nenman Wannang 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Protective Activity in Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity and Antioxidant Potential from Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) in Rats This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora (MELN) in acute experimental liver injury induced by paracetamol (750mg/kg, b.w). MELN at the doses of 200 and 400mg/kg, p.o was administered for 7 days and biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and total proteins with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant level were recorded. MELN at both doses prevented the increase in liver weight when compared to hepatotoxin treated control. The higher dose (400 mg/kg) of Lippia nodiflora extract was found to be more effective than the lower dose (200 mg/kg) in paracetamol induced liver damage. MELN produced significant ( p <0.001) hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin and lipid peroxidation while it significantly (p<0.001) increased the levels of total proteins, glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a dose dependent manner. The activity of MELN was compared with standard drug silymarin (25mg/kg), which is a well-known natural anti-hepatotoxic drug and the potency of MELN is more or less the same at that of silymarin. &nbsp; It is concluded that the methanol extract of whole plant possesses good hepatoprotective activity probably by its antioxidative potential on hepatocytes. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf 2008-10-15 83 0 Ashokkumar Durairaj 1 AUTHOR Thamil Selvan Vaiyapuri 2 AUTHOR Mazumder Upal Kanti 3 AUTHOR Gupta Malaya 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE H2S: an Endogenous Gas Gases such as NO and CO play important roles both in normal physiology and in disease. In recent years, interest has been directed towards other naturally occurring gases, notably H 2 S, which is produced in body by three enzymes namely CBS (cystathionine beta synthase), CSE (cystathionine gamma lyase) and MST (3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase), present in mitochondria and/or cytosols where main substrate is L-cysteine. Recent studies have shown that vascular tissues generate measurable amount of H2S. NO is considered as inducer for H2S. H 2 S has gained importance as a neuromodulator and a vasorelaxant factor and as the first endogenous gaseous ATP dependant K + channel opener. It potentiates LTP by enhancing NMDA induced inward current.H 2 S induces vasorelaxation, inhibits insulin secretion and also has a role in inflammation. H 2 S also appear to have a role in neuroendocrine fuction because it plays an important role in control of the hypothalamus-pitutary-adrenal axis, inhibit stimulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone. H 2 S has been found to be decreased in patient with Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease and higher concentrations are found in patients with Down&rsquo;s syndrome. It has a role in development of hypertension, suggesting its role in CNS and CVS disorders. H 2 S it is well known toxic gas with the smell of rotten eggs, is now proposed as a physiologically important molecule. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf 2008-10-15 91 0 patel manish amrutlal 1 AUTHOR shah gaurang B 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Diabetes VS Herbal Medicines Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in the endocrine system. This dreadful disease is found in all parts of the world and is becoming a serious threat to mankind health. There are lots of chemical agents available to control and to treat diabetic patients, but total recovery from diabetes has not been reported up to this date. Alternative to these synthetic agents, plants provide a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs and are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent diabetes. Several medicinal plants have been investigated for their beneficial use in different types of diabetes and have appeared in a number of scientific journals. The effects of these plants may delay the development of diabetic complications and correct the metabolic abnormalities using variety of mechanisms. A considerable number of plants were subjected to clinical trials and were found effective. Moreover, during the past few years many phytoconstituents responsible for antidiabetic effects have been isolated from hypoglycaemic plants. This paper focuses mainly on diabetes, necessity of plants in diabetes, plants used as antidiabetics in various traditional medicines, constituents isolated from these plants, various mechanisms through which herbs act against diabetes and few examples of antidiabetic formulations available in the market. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf 2008-10-15 97 0 Edwin Jarald 1 AUTHOR Siddaheswar Balakrishnan Joshi 2 AUTHOR Dharam Chandra Jain 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Actions of Five Commonly Used Indian Medicinal Plants: A Mini-Review Man depends heavily on various plant species for his survival. Indian traditional system of medicine is based on empirical knowledge of the observations and the experience over millennia and more than 5000 plants are used by different ethnic communities in India. During the last few decades there has been an increasing interest in the study of medicinal plants and their traditional use in different parts of India. The present communication constitutes a review on the medicinal properties, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities of five common medicinal plants ( Acalypha indica L., Achyranthes aspera L., Adhatoda vasica Medicus, Coriandrum saticum and Centella asiatica ) used in Indian traditional medicine. These plants are known to contain various active principles of therapeutic value and to possess biological activity against a number of diseases. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf 2008-10-15 107 0 Muniappan Ayyanar 1 AUTHOR Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Pathophysiology of Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Myocardial Injury: What We Have Learned From Preconditioning and Postconditioning? Organ damage after reperfusion of previously viable ischemic tissues is defined as ischemia/reperfusion injury. The pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury involves cellular effect of ischemia, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cascade. Protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury may be achieved by preconditioning or postconditioning. In this review, we discuss basic mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Moreover, the pharmacology of preconditioning and postconditioning is delineated. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf 2008-10-15 115 0 Pitchai Balakumar 1 AUTHOR Bharat Pateliya 2 AUTHOR Gurfateh Singh 3 AUTHOR Manjeet Singh 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Antitumour Activity of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. Roots The aim of this study was to evaluate antitumour activity of the roots of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. against Dalton&rsquo;s Ascitic Lymphoma (DAL) in Swiss albino mice. A significant enhancement of mean survival time (MST) of H. tiliaceus treated tumour bearing mice was found with respect to control group. H. tiliaceus treatment was found to enhance peritoneal cell counts. When these H. tiliaceus treated animals underwent intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation with DAL cells, tumour cell growth was found to be inhibited. The results indicated that, H. tiliaceus treated group were able to reverse the haematological parameters, protein and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) consequent to tumour inoculation with in fourteen days after the transplantation. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf 2008-10-15 123 0 Anbu Jeba Sunilson 1 AUTHOR Syam Mohan 2 AUTHOR Mustafa Ali Mohamed 3 AUTHOR John Thomas 4 AUTHOR Anita Gnana Kumari 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Approach to Penicillin Allergy – A Survey Individual approaches to the diagnosis and management of penicillin allergy are practiced &nbsp;&nbsp; by clinicians. &nbsp; This cross-sectional survey of physicians was aimed at exploring their ways of dealing with diagnosis and management of penicillin G allergy. &nbsp; Of the 235 respondents, 63% believed patients&rsquo; self-reported history of penicillin allergy and avoided using penicillin G; &nbsp; &nbsp; 97% do so for patients whose allergic status was confirmed with positive skin test results. &nbsp; Researchers insist on skin testing for patients claiming penicillin allergy and for those whose allergic status was confirmed with positive skin test results, before considering antibiotic substitution, in an attempt to minimize the development of multi drug resistant pathogens. &nbsp;&nbsp; Undue concern about penicillin allergy may negatively influence the therapeutic outcome of rheumatic fever and syphilis. &nbsp; Repeated skin testing is recommended before each subsequent course of penicillin G, even in patients who have tolerated it before which was practiced by an appreciable number (89%) of our respondents. &nbsp; Epi cutaneous followed by intra dermal routes with major and minor determinants have been recommended for penicillin G skin testing. 100% of our respondents skin tested by intra dermal route alone, using penicillin G and its repository preparations before injecting the respective full dose preparations. Legal problems arising from serious clinical outcomes of penicillin allergy may pose a threat to the physician of losing self esteem in the society forcing him to be overcautious with its use. &nbsp; Educating both the public and health care providers is necessary in this regard. http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf 2008-10-15 127 0 Vikram Shetty 1 AUTHOR Sabitha P 2 AUTHOR Prabha M Adhikari 3 AUTHOR Asha Kamath 4 AUTHOR