@article{ author = {Subash, Selvaraju}, title = {Board of Consultants and Advisors}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-166-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-166-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Alam, Ashraful and Awal, Abdul and Subhan, Nusrat and Sikder, Mahmudul Hasan and Alam, S. M. Mahbubul and Mostofa, Mahbub and Uddin, Saikh Jamal}, title = {Studies of In-Vitro Amlodipine and Arsenic Displacement Interaction at Binding Sites of Bovine Serum Albumin}, abstract ={In this study, the binding of amlodipine (a Ca ++ channel Blocker) and arsenic (metalloid) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by equilibrium dialysis(ED) method in order to have an insight into their binding chemistry to BSA. Free amlodipine concentration was increased due to addition of arsenic which reduced the binding of the compounds to BSA. However, the free fraction was not increased to a level as it was expected from direct competitive displacement. The free amlodipine concentration was increased according to increasing the amlodipine concentration when only the BSA was present. When the binding sites were blocked by sufficient amount of arsenic, the increment of free concentration of amlodipine was prominent. When no arsenic was added, the free concentration of amlodipine was only 6.6% to 10.3%; whereas this release was 7.65% to 13.65% when arsenic was added with an increasing concentration from 1x10 -5 M to 12x10 -5 M. This suggests that in the presence of arsenic, the amlodipine is slowly displaced from its high affinity binding site with increasing arsenic concentration, the increment was small as compared to that of amlodipine to BSA.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-167-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-167-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Sengottuvelu, Singaravel and Duraisami, Srinivasan and Nandhakumar, Jothivel and Duraisami, Rasilingam and Vasudevan, Mani}, title = {Hepatoprotective Activity of Camellia Sinensis and Its Possible Mechanism of Action}, abstract ={The present study appraised the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis leaves and its possible mechanism of action against carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver damage. Liver damage was induced by &nbsp; intraperitoneal administration of equal mixture of carbon tetrachloride &nbsp; and olive oil (50 % v/v, 0.5 ml/kg ) in male Wistar rats (150-220g) once daily for 7 days and the extent of damage was studied by assessing biochemical parameters such as alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and albumin in serum and concentrations of lipid peroxides (LPO), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver . The aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis (100 mg and 200 mg/Kg) were administered orally to the animals with hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride and its effects on biochemical parameters were compared with Vitamin E (100 mg/Kg) treated animals. Histopathological studies of the experimental animal were also done. Camellia sinensis 100 and 200mg/kg results in significant reduction in serum hepatic enzymes and liver lipid peroxide which were increased by carbon tetrachloride. There was significant increase in serum total protein, albumin and liver GSH, SOD and CAT when compared to those in rats treated by carbon tetrachloride . The antioxidant activity of Camellia sinensis (100 and 200mg/Kg) were comparable with the effects of Vitamin E (100mg/Kg). Histopathological changes (congestion of central vein, centrilobular necrosis and sinusoidal congestion) induced by carbon tetrachloride were prevented to a moderate extent in Camellia-sinensis -treated rats. Taking together, Camellia sinensis protectes the liver from carbon-tetrachloride-induced damage. Probable mechanism of its action may be due to its anti-oxidant property .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {9-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-165-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Shiran, Mohammad Bagher and Motevalian, Manijeh and Ravanfar, Rezvan and Bohlooli, Shahab}, title = {The Effect of Bubble Surface Charge on Phonophoresis}, abstract ={It is over several decades that ultrasound is used to enhance the transdermal drug delivery (phonphoresis). The mechanism of the enhancement is not fully understood and the ability of ultrasound on the enhancement for some drugs is unclear. The effect of continuous wave 870 KHz ultrasound at intensity of 1 W/cm 2 for 15 minutes on transdermal absorption of piroxicam from solution and gel formulations in hairless rat skin was studied. Exposure to ultrasound increased the rate of diffusion from gel and solution of piroxicam to 10 and 3 times higher than that in skins not exposed to ultrasound. We strongly believe that the lower diffusion of piroxicam from solution is caused by the presence of extra bubbles generated by ultrasound. It can be suggested that cavitation activity and its negative surface charges play a dominant rule in phonophoresis.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-164-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Gurav, Shailendra S. and Gulkari, Vijay D. and Duragkar, Nandkishore J. and Patil, Arun T.}, title = {Antimicrobial Activity of Butea Monosperma Lam. Gum}, abstract ={Gum of Butea monosperma is used to treat microbial and fungal infections in folk medicine. To validate this use, the in- vitro antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether and alcoholic extract of Butea monosperma gum was evaluated against various microbial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium , Pseudomonas aeuriogenosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution technique. Both extracts showed significant inhibition against reference gram positive bacteria and fungal strains. MIC value of petroleum ether extract against gram positive and fungal strains was 300 m g / ml and that of alcoholic extract was 200 m g / ml. No extract showed inhibitions against gram negative bacteria.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-162-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-162-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Jyothi, T.M. and Shankariah, M.M. and Prabhu, K. and Lakshminarasu, S. and Srinivasa, G.M. and Ramachandra, Siddamsetty Setty}, title = {Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Euphorbia tirucalli}, abstract ={Treatment of diseases with natural remedies is gaining popularity because of its fewer side effects. &nbsp; A systemic and scientific investigation of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential against carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats was carried out . Antioxidant property was assessed by using reducing property, superoxide anion scavanging and hydroxyl radical scavenging property. Hepato-protective property was assessed by measuring the extent of reversal of enhanced biochemical markers of hepatitis, like Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase, Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase ALP, Biluribin, cholesterol, triglycerides and also by estimating the tissue glutathione (GSH) levels and the extent of reduction in the tissue lipid peroxidation . The aqueous extract has demonstrated dose-dependant invitro antioxidant property (at 20 m g, 40 m g, 60 m g, 80 m g, 100 m g) in all the models of the study. Similarly, aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli at the doses of 125mg/kg and 250mg/kg produced significant hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the serum enzymes, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and tissue lipid peroxidation, while it significantly increased the levels of tissue GSH in a dose-dependant manner. &nbsp; From the present study, it may be concluded that the test extract possesses antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. The hepatoprotective property may be attributed to its antioxidant potential.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-163-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Ahmed, Mohd Fazil and Ibrahim, Mohd and Ahmed, Mohd Ashwaq and Thayyil, Hameed and Zameeruddin, Khaj}, title = {Antioxidative Activity of Melia Azedarach Linn Leaf Extract}, abstract ={The antioxidant activity of the melia azedarach was investigated in rats with ethanol-induced erythrocyte damage. Chronic administration of ethanol (20% w/v, 2 g/kg.p.o.,daily for four weeks) increased the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO), decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase and reduced the content of glutathione (GSH). The concurrent treatment of ethanol-administered rats with melia azedarach (500mg/kg, p.o.) prevented the above ethanol-induced changes and the effect was compared with combination of vitamin E and C. It can therefore be suggested that the leaves of melia azedarach posses an erythrocyte protective activity against drug-induced oxidative stress.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-161-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Patel, Kalpana Govindbhai and Patel, Kirti Vinodrai and Gandhi, Tejal Ricky}, title = {Evaluation of the Effect of Onosma Bracteatum Wall (Boraginaceae) On Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Sensitized Guinea Pigs}, abstract ={Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. The available treatment options have major limitations owing to low efficacy, associated adverse events and compliance issues. Therefore, the health burden of bronchial asthma is increasing globally at an alarming rate, providing a strong impetus for the development of new therapeutics. Onosma bracteatum ( O. bracteatum ) is known traditionally in Ayurveda to possess anti-asthmatic activity. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of aerial parts of O. bracteatum on bronchial hyperreactivity by various in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Experimental models studied were total and differential cell estimation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) , estimation of histamine release from lungs, in vitro studies on tracheal strip and histopathological studies of egg albumin-sensitized guinea pigs. Treatment with ethanolic extract of O. bracteatum (5 mg/kg, p.o., for 15 days) significantly decreased the total and differential leukocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and also blocked histamine release from chopped lung tissues of sensitized guinea pigs. &nbsp; Ethanolic extract of O. bracteatum (5 mg/kg, p.o., for 15 days) prevented the potentiation of the responses of histamine and acetylcholine which resulted in a significant decrease in pD 2 value of histamine and acetylcholine in guinea pig tracheal strip. Histopathological changes induced by egg albumin were also significantly reduced by the treatment with ethanolic extract of O. bracteatum (5 mg/kg, p.o., for 15 days) . These results suggest that O. bracteatum decreases bronchial hyperresponsiveness by decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory mediators like eosinophils, neutrophils in BALF, inhibiting histamine release from lungs of sensitized guinea pigs and by decreasing airway inflammation.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-160-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Ganesan, Arunachalam and Natesan, Subramanian and Gururajaperumal, Pazhani and Vellayutham, Ravichandiran and Manickam, Karunanithi and Ramasamy, Nepole}, title = {Anxiolytic, Antidepressant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Methanol Extract of Leaves of Momordica Charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae)}, abstract ={Methanol extract of dried leaves of Momordica charantia Linn ( Cucurbitaceae ) was investigated for anxiolytic, antidepressant and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models. Anxiolytic activity of methanol extract of dried leaves of Momordica charantia Linn was tested by elevated plus maze test and the results showed a significant anxiolytic effect comparable, with diazepam in all the tested doses. Behaviour despair test was used to assess antidepressant activity of methanol extract of M. charantia Linn leaves. The extract treatment showed antidepressant effect by decreasing mobility time of subjected rats to forced swimming dose of 300 mg/kg extract, the swimming behaviour of the animals was comparable to the standard drug imipramine. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied by Carrageenin-induced edema in rats 60 percent edema inhibition was observed with 300 mg/kg methanol extract of dried leaves of Momordica charantia Linn, which was nearly equivalent to that of 10 mg/kg of indomethacin.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-159-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-159-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Rasal, Vijaykumar Pandurang and Sinnathambi, Arulmozhi and Ashok, Purnima and Yeshmaina, Sridhar}, title = {Wound Healing and Antioxidant Activities of Morinda Citrifolia Leaf Extract In Rats}, abstract ={Morinda citrifolia (Noni) has been traditionally used for bone and wound healing. &nbsp; The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Morinda citrifolia leaves on experimental wounds and lipid peroxide levels in rats. Effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Morinda citrifolia (200 mg/kg) on excision, resutured incision and dead space wound models were studied. Measurement of blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and histopathological studies were also carried out. There was a significant increase (p<0.0001) in wound contraction rate, tensile strength, granuloma breaking strength, collagen content, dry granuloma weight (p<0.01) and hydroxyproline content. A significant decrease (p<0.0001) in epithelialisation period and MDA levels in Morinda citrifolia leaf extract treated group were observed when compared to control group. From the results, it may be concluded that the M. citrifolia aqueous leaves enhances the wound healing and possess antioxidant activity.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {49-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-158-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {ShafieeArdestani, Mehdi and FathiMoghaddam, Hadi}, title = {Electrical Lesion of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta; An Alternative and Convenient Way to Generate the Animal Model of Parkinson’s Disease}, abstract ={The unilateral or bilateral lesion of the Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) by chemical neurotoxins such as 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) or 1- Methyl-4- phenyl -1,2,3,6 &ndash; tetirahydro pyridine (MPTP) are the most commonly and the main used methods for generating the animal models of Parkinson&rsquo;s disease (PD). But these agents are expensive, dangerous, difficult to use and inaccessible conveniently due to the international economical sanctions recently in Iran. Hence investigation the alternative and possible way to solve these problems was based of this research. Forty eight animals were included in this study and divided into six groups. One group was selected as the control and also two groups as the sham of the SNc lesion. Other remained groups were subjected to lesion of SNc by 6-OHDA, MPTP and electrical lesion. SNC of subjected groups for lesion were destroyed using neurotoxins and electrical lesion. Finally with in vitro, histological studies and Murprogo&rsquo;s method precision and effectiveness of the electrical lesion was compared with chemical lesions. Our results showed the same efficacy of lesion for electrical lesion method with regard to the neurotoxins. Due to the technical convenient, low cost, accessibility and the same potency of electrical lesion, this method can speak as a alternative method for generating the PD models and especially is a beneficial method that neuroscientists can use it in the future studies.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-157-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Agah, Shahram and Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad and Yousefnejad, Azadeh and Siavashi, Farideh}, title = {Antimicrobial Activity of Ketoconazole and Fluconazole against Metronidazole Resistance Strains of Helicobacter pylori: an In Vitro Study}, abstract ={Resistance to drug such as metronidazole is one the commonest causes of treatment failure while eradicating Helicobacter pylori . Considering the safety of ketoconazole and fluconazole and their inhibitory activity on biosynthesis of fatty acids from cholesterol in cell membrane of H.pylori , the idea of their efficacy against H.pylori is raising . The aim of this study is to evaluate susceptibilities of metronidazole-resistant strains of H.pylori against two antifungal drugs, ketoconazole and fluconazole. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 35 isolates of H.pylori from patients with digestive disorders were recruited. Plates were incubated microaerobically. Resistance to metronidazole, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ketoconazole and fluconazole for H.pylori isolates were determined by two methods: disc diffusion and agar dilution. Disc diffusion method indicated that metronidazole resistance was seen in 11 strains out of 35. Ketoconazole and fluconazole MICs were 8 and 40 mg/lit , respectively, which was confirmed by agar dilution method. Ketoconazole and fluconazole showed an excellent in vitro activity against the H.pylori isolates. However, in vivo activity of these drugs should be evaluated in controlled clinical trials.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-156-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Singh, D. K. and Verma, Roh}, title = {Spectrophotometric Determination of Corticosteroids and Its Application in Pharmaceutical Formulation}, abstract ={A simple, sensitive and economically viable spectrophotometric method for the determination of corticosteroids (predinsolone {PSL}, dexamethasone {DEX}, prednisone {PS}, betamethasone sodium phosphate {BEP} and hydrocortisone {HYD} has been developed. The method involves the oxidation of corticosteroids by iron (III) and subsequent complexation of iron (II) with potassium hexacynoferrate (III), forming bluish green colored complex having the maximum absorbance at 780 nm. The method has been applied for the determination of above-mentioned corticosteroids in pharmaceutical formulations. The common excipients do not interfere with the proposed method. A statistical comparison of these results with those of reported method shows good agreement and indicates no significant difference in the precision. The precision of the method developed is implied from the values of standard deviation which are varying from 0.03% to 1.06%. These are remarkable in comparison to the existing visible spectrophotometric studies on steroids. Marketed formulations of reported steroids have been analysed by calibration. Recovery experiments were found to be quantitative, and analysis to determine the mass per tablet was obtained with the variation of &plusmn;0.25% to 0.85% which implies the success of the method to get rid of the interference from excipients. The studies have shown that the method is fast, reproducible and accurate and can be used in the analysis of marketed formulations. The processed samples are also stable up to 2hours that minimizing the error in terms of fluctuating absorbance values.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {61-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {rajeshwar, yerra and Ahmad, Rayees and ShyamSunder, A. and Devilal, J. and Gupta, Malaya and KantiMazumder, Upal}, title = {In Vitro Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitory and Antimicrobial Activity of Phyllanthus Niruri (Euphorbiaceae) Extract}, abstract ={The present work was designed to evaluate the in vitro lipid peroxidation inhibitory and antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract of Phyllanthus niruri (MEPN) (Family: &nbsp; Euphorbiaceae) . &nbsp; Lipid peroxidation was measured by the optical density of the prepared solutions (10-320 &micro;g/ml) and then the percent inhibition was calculated. Ascorbate/FeSO 4 -induced peroxidation was inhibited by standard antioxidants such as L-ascorbic acid, Quercetin and MEPN. &nbsp; Moreover, the percent inhibition of the methanol extract was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. IC 50 value for the MEPN, L-ascorbic acid and Quercetin for lipid peroxidation was found to be 62. 5 &micro;g/ml, 41 &micro;g/ml and 19.75 &micro;g/ml respectively. The antimicrobial activity of MEPN was determined by disc diffusion method with various gram positive and gram-negative microorganisms. &nbsp; The MEPN showed strong antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pumillus 8241, Bacillus cereus , Escherichia Coli 54B and Vibrae Cholera at a concentration of 750 m g/ml/disc. However, its activity against Staphylococcus aureus ML 152 and Vibrae cholera 14035 was less significant. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was compared with the standard drug, Chloramphenicol at a concentration of 10 m g/ml/disc. The results obtained in the present investigation clearly suggest that MEPN can be a potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {67-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Madhyastha, Sampath Kumar and Prabhu, Latha V and Nayak, Soubhagyaranjan and Rai, Rajalakshmi and Pai, Mangala M and Madhyastha, Prashanthi S}, title = {Effect of Prenatal Stress and Serotonin Depletion on Postnatal Serotonin Metabolism in Wistar Rats}, abstract ={Prenatal stress in rats results in structural, physiological and behavioral alterations that persist in adulthood. Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter known to be involved in these prenatal stress-induced behavioral alterations. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of interrupted synthesis of 5-HT and immobilization stress during different gestational period on brain serotonergic system of male and female neonatal (postnatal day 15) and adult rats (60 days old). Pregnant rats were subjected to restraint stress three times daily for 45 min during day 3-14 (G 3-14) or day 14-21 (G 14-21) of pregnancy. Another group of pregnant rats were injected with the inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis, parachlorophenylalanine (p-CPA, 400mg/kg/2ml, single dose, ip) on day 9 or 17 of pregnancy. Following sacrifice, tissue concentrations of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were analyzed in whole brains of neonatal pups and in brainstem, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and frontal cortex of adults. Stress during G 14-21 days showed a significant reduction of 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in early neonatal development but not later during adult hood. Decreases in whole brain concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were observed in p-CPA 9 and G 14-21 neonatal pups. The concentration of 5-HT was decreased in frontal cortex hypothalamus of adult rats receiving p-CPA prenatal stress affects tissue concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in neonatal pups and adults and it is possible that such changes may underlie the reported behavioral deficits in offspring of stressed female rats. These data also provide evidence that the critical period for prenatal stress-induced changes in brain 5-HT neurons were between days 14-21(during final trimester of pregnancy).}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {71-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke and Wannang, Noel Nenm}, title = {Anticonvulsant Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract Of Croton Zambesicus (Euphorbiaceae) In Mice and Rats}, abstract ={To determine the anticonvulsant activity of the leaf extract of Croton zambesicus in mice and rats, and in order to verify the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of epilepsy. The pentyleneterazole (PTZ) and the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) models were used for assessing the anticonvulsant effects of the aqueous leaf extract in mice and rats. In the PTZ test, the leaf extract (1000-2000 mg/kg p.o.) produced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the onset of seizures in rats and mice compared with the control group. The aqueous extract (1500 and 2000 mg/kg p.o.) produced (42.9%) protection in rats, while (1000 mg/kg p.o.) produced significant protection (71.4%) against PTZ-induced convulsion in mice. In the MES test, the aqueous extract (500-1500 mg/kg p.o.) produced a significant ( P < 0.05) increase in the onset of seizures compared with the control group. At (1500 mg/kg p.o.) the extract also produced significant protection (71.4%) against MES-induced convulsions in mice. The results obtained from this study indicate that the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus may be beneficial in both absence and tonic clonic seizures.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Durairaj, Ashokkumar and Vaiyapuri, Thamil Selvan and UpalKanti, Mazumder and Malaya, Gupt}, title = {Protective Activity in Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity and Antioxidant Potential from Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) in Rats}, abstract ={This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora (MELN) in acute experimental liver injury induced by paracetamol (750mg/kg, b.w). MELN at the doses of 200 and 400mg/kg, p.o was administered for 7 days and biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and total proteins with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant level were recorded. MELN at both doses prevented the increase in liver weight when compared to hepatotoxin treated control. The higher dose (400 mg/kg) of Lippia nodiflora extract was found to be more effective than the lower dose (200 mg/kg) in paracetamol induced liver damage. MELN produced significant ( p <0.001) hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin and lipid peroxidation while it significantly (p<0.001) increased the levels of total proteins, glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a dose dependent manner. The activity of MELN was compared with standard drug silymarin (25mg/kg), which is a well-known natural anti-hepatotoxic drug and the potency of MELN is more or less the same at that of silymarin. &nbsp; It is concluded that the methanol extract of whole plant possesses good hepatoprotective activity probably by its antioxidative potential on hepatocytes.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {83-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {amrutlal, patel manish and B, shah gaurang}, title = {H2S: an Endogenous Gas}, abstract ={Gases such as NO and CO play important roles both in normal physiology and in disease. In recent years, interest has been directed towards other naturally occurring gases, notably H 2 S, which is produced in body by three enzymes namely CBS (cystathionine beta synthase), CSE (cystathionine gamma lyase) and MST (3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase), present in mitochondria and/or cytosols where main substrate is L-cysteine. Recent studies have shown that vascular tissues generate measurable amount of H2S. NO is considered as inducer for H2S. H 2 S has gained importance as a neuromodulator and a vasorelaxant factor and as the first endogenous gaseous ATP dependant K + channel opener. It potentiates LTP by enhancing NMDA induced inward current.H 2 S induces vasorelaxation, inhibits insulin secretion and also has a role in inflammation. H 2 S also appear to have a role in neuroendocrine fuction because it plays an important role in control of the hypothalamus-pitutary-adrenal axis, inhibit stimulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone. H 2 S has been found to be decreased in patient with Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease and higher concentrations are found in patients with Down&rsquo;s syndrome. It has a role in development of hypertension, suggesting its role in CNS and CVS disorders. H 2 S it is well known toxic gas with the smell of rotten eggs, is now proposed as a physiologically important molecule.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {91-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Jarald, Edwin and Joshi, Siddaheswar Balakrishnan and Jain, Dharam Chandr}, title = {Diabetes VS Herbal Medicines}, abstract ={Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in the endocrine system. This dreadful disease is found in all parts of the world and is becoming a serious threat to mankind health. There are lots of chemical agents available to control and to treat diabetic patients, but total recovery from diabetes has not been reported up to this date. Alternative to these synthetic agents, plants provide a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs and are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent diabetes. Several medicinal plants have been investigated for their beneficial use in different types of diabetes and have appeared in a number of scientific journals. The effects of these plants may delay the development of diabetic complications and correct the metabolic abnormalities using variety of mechanisms. A considerable number of plants were subjected to clinical trials and were found effective. Moreover, during the past few years many phytoconstituents responsible for antidiabetic effects have been isolated from hypoglycaemic plants. This paper focuses mainly on diabetes, necessity of plants in diabetes, plants used as antidiabetics in various traditional medicines, constituents isolated from these plants, various mechanisms through which herbs act against diabetes and few examples of antidiabetic formulations available in the market.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {97-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Ayyanar, Muniappan and Ignacimuthu, Savarimuthu}, title = {Medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Actions of Five Commonly Used Indian Medicinal Plants: A Mini-Review}, abstract ={Man depends heavily on various plant species for his survival. Indian traditional system of medicine is based on empirical knowledge of the observations and the experience over millennia and more than 5000 plants are used by different ethnic communities in India. During the last few decades there has been an increasing interest in the study of medicinal plants and their traditional use in different parts of India. The present communication constitutes a review on the medicinal properties, ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities of five common medicinal plants ( Acalypha indica L., Achyranthes aspera L., Adhatoda vasica Medicus, Coriandrum saticum and Centella asiatica ) used in Indian traditional medicine. These plants are known to contain various active principles of therapeutic value and to possess biological activity against a number of diseases.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {107-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Balakumar, Pitchai and Pateliya, Bharat and Singh, Gurfateh and Singh, Manjeet}, title = {Pathophysiology of Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Myocardial Injury: What We Have Learned From Preconditioning and Postconditioning?}, abstract ={Organ damage after reperfusion of previously viable ischemic tissues is defined as ischemia/reperfusion injury. The pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury involves cellular effect of ischemia, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cascade. Protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury may be achieved by preconditioning or postconditioning. In this review, we discuss basic mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Moreover, the pharmacology of preconditioning and postconditioning is delineated.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {115-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Sunilson, Anbu Jeba and Mohan, Syam and Mohamed, Mustafa Ali and Thomas, John and Kumari, Anita G}, title = {Antitumour Activity of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. Roots}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to evaluate antitumour activity of the roots of Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. against Dalton&rsquo;s Ascitic Lymphoma (DAL) in Swiss albino mice. A significant enhancement of mean survival time (MST) of H. tiliaceus treated tumour bearing mice was found with respect to control group. H. tiliaceus treatment was found to enhance peritoneal cell counts. When these H. tiliaceus treated animals underwent intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation with DAL cells, tumour cell growth was found to be inhibited. The results indicated that, H. tiliaceus treated group were able to reverse the haematological parameters, protein and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) consequent to tumour inoculation with in fourteen days after the transplantation.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {123-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Shetty, Vikram and P, Sabitha and Adhikari, Prabha M and Kamath, Ash}, title = {Approach to Penicillin Allergy – A Survey}, abstract ={Individual approaches to the diagnosis and management of penicillin allergy are practiced &nbsp;&nbsp; by clinicians. &nbsp; This cross-sectional survey of physicians was aimed at exploring their ways of dealing with diagnosis and management of penicillin G allergy. &nbsp; Of the 235 respondents, 63% believed patients&rsquo; self-reported history of penicillin allergy and avoided using penicillin G; &nbsp; &nbsp; 97% do so for patients whose allergic status was confirmed with positive skin test results. &nbsp; Researchers insist on skin testing for patients claiming penicillin allergy and for those whose allergic status was confirmed with positive skin test results, before considering antibiotic substitution, in an attempt to minimize the development of multi drug resistant pathogens. &nbsp;&nbsp; Undue concern about penicillin allergy may negatively influence the therapeutic outcome of rheumatic fever and syphilis. &nbsp; Repeated skin testing is recommended before each subsequent course of penicillin G, even in patients who have tolerated it before which was practiced by an appreciable number (89%) of our respondents. &nbsp; Epi cutaneous followed by intra dermal routes with major and minor determinants have been recommended for penicillin G skin testing. 100% of our respondents skin tested by intra dermal route alone, using penicillin G and its repository preparations before injecting the respective full dose preparations. Legal problems arising from serious clinical outcomes of penicillin allergy may pose a threat to the physician of losing self esteem in the society forcing him to be overcautious with its use. &nbsp; Educating both the public and health care providers is necessary in this regard.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {127-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Modi, Ketan Pravin and Patel, Natvarlal Manilal and Goyal, Ramesh Kishorilal}, title = {Protective effects of aqueous extract of M. Pruriens Linn. (DC) seed against gentamicin induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats}, abstract ={In the present study, we investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens against gentamicin (100 mg kg -1 per day for six days) induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats. Administration of gentamicin to rats induced a marked renal failure, characterized by a significant increase in urine volume and serum creatinine and urea levels. There was a significant decrease in body weight, urinary creatinine level and creatinine clearance in gentamicin treated rats as compared to control. The animals treated with gentamicin also showed a significantly higher kidney lipid peroxides and lower superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activities when compared with the control group. M. prureins seed extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg in addition to gentamicin caused a dose dependant decrease in serum urea and serum creatinine levels and an increase in creatinine clearance. M. pruriens also prevented gentamicin induced rise in lipid peroxides and the reduction of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione activities in a dose dependant manner. Our data suggest that M. pruriens extract has protective potential against gentamicin induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rats.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {131-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Rekha, Namasivayam and Balaji, Ramachandran and Deecaraman, Munuswamy}, title = {Effect of aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini Pulp on antioxidant defense system in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats}, abstract ={The aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini (Pulp) was investigated for its possible hypoglycemic and antioxidant potentials in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic wistar female rats. A single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dose of 55 mg/kg body weight elevated the glucose levels more than 230 mg/dl after 3 days. Treatment with the aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini (Pulp) at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight resulted in significant reduction ( p <0.001) in blood glucose levels. Body weights were significantly reduced ( p <0.001) in STZ Induced diabetic rats when compared to normal rats, while in diabetic rats S.cumini extract ( p <0.001) prevented significantly the decrease in body weight in a dose dependant manner. Total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, LDL-c, HDL-c levels were altered in &nbsp; STZ induced diabetic rats, which were considerably restored to near normal in animals treated with S.cumini extract .The administration of aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini &nbsp; resulted in significant ( p <0.001) increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutahione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and reduced glutathione (GSH), thus resulting in reduced free radical formation in liver tissues of the diabetic rats . The increased levels of lipid peroxidation and hydroperoxides in diabetic rats were reverted back to near normal levels after the treatment with aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini . These observations demonstrated that aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini (Pulp) have strong hypoglycemic effect and in vivo antioxidant activity in STZ-Induced diabetic rats and was dose dependent.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {137-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Pandian, Vijayabaskar and Thirugnanasambandan, Somasundar}, title = {Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) from backwater clam Marcia opima (Gmelin)}, abstract ={Heparin was isolated from whole clam tissue Marcia opima . Purification of multimilligram quantities of heparin from this tissue sample permitted a thorough examination of its anticoagulant activity characterization, which was partially purified by fractionation by anion exchange chromatography using DEAE cellulose column. The isolated crude and partially purified fractionated sample showed metachromatic shift while using azure-A. The sample also exhibited prominent anticoagulant activity. Mobility was analyzed by two different buffer systems using agarose gel electrophoresis. The fractionated molluscan GAG was also found to have similar peaks as that of standard heparin when assessed by the FT-IR spectrum. The bivalve GAG was subjected to fractionation for further purification and its chemical components were analyzed. The fractionated clam heparin also showed substantial in-vitro anticoagulant activity compared to that of commercial heparins.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {147-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-175-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-175-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Girme, Aboli S and Nirmal, Sunil A and Bhalke, Rasika D and Chavan, Machindra J}, title = {Analgesic, CNS Depressant and Anthelmintic Activity of Sarcostemma viminale}, abstract ={Various extracts of Sarcostemma viminale were screened for central analgesic activity by hot plate test, peripheral analgesic activity by acetic acid-induced writhings, CNS depressant activity by pentobarbitone-induced sleep and locomotor activity testing methods and anthelmintic activity on the earthworms Pheretima posthuma . Results showed that petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts had good central analgesic activity; ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had good peripheral analgesic activity; chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts had good CNS depressant activity and methanol extract had good anthelmintic activity.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {153-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Verma, Pawan K and Raina, Rajinder and Pankaj, Nrip K and Prawez, shahid and Srivastava, Anil k}, title = {Effects of tramadol on electrocardiogram, mean electrical axis and respiration in Kagani goats (Capra hircus)}, abstract ={The effects of tramadol on electrocardiogram (ECG), mean electrical axis and respiratory rates were studied in adult kagani goats after intramuscular administration of tramadol at 1 mg/kg b.wt. as a prelude to its clinical use as an analgesic in veterinary practice. The ECG was monitored by standard bipolar leads and discernible electrocardiographic features were observed in lead II. The normal electrocardiographic parameters in healthy goats were; P-wave (0.04 &plusmn; 0.005 mV, 48 &plusmn; 4.29 ms), QRS complex (0.38 &plusmn; 0.037 mV, 84 &plusmn; 2.86 ms), T-wave (0.11 &plusmn; 0.005 mV, 76 &plusmn; 1.28 ms), PR, ST, QT intervals were 152 &plusmn; 5.72, 280 &plusmn; 7.29, 368 &plusmn; 18.60 ms, respectively. These parameters were not significantly different in goats up to 3h post treatment. Except significant reduction in T-wave amplitude (p<0.05) at 0.5h, no other significant change was observed. Reduction in T-wave indicates early re-polarization phenomenon and is indicative of some transient cardio-acceleratory effect of the drug. The mean electrical axis (56.74 0 &plusmn; 0.6 0 ) before treatment didn&rsquo;t show significant differences up to 3h of post-treatment. The rate of respiration prior to treatment was observed 19.6 &plusmn; 2.57min -1 and administration of tramadol didn&rsquo;t produce any significant change on respiration up to 3h post treatment.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {157-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Ayanniyi, Rashidat Oluwafunke and Wannang, Noel Nenm}, title = {Neuropharmacological activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus (euphorbiaceae) in some laboratory animals}, abstract ={&nbsp;To determine the neuropharmacological activity of the leaf extract of Croton zambesicus in mice and chicks.&nbsp;The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Croton zambesicus on thiopental sodium &ndash; induced sleeping time in mice, on gross locomotor activity (GLA) in 2-day old chicks and effect of extract on apomorphine - induced stereotyped behavior in chicks were evaluated.&nbsp;The aqueous extract (1000 and 1500 mg/kg), administered per os (p.o), prolonged the thiopental sodium - induced sleeping time in mice. &nbsp; Extract (20-40 mg/kg i.p) produced a significant ( P < 0.05) decrease in GLA in 2-day old chicks in a dose dependent manner. 40-60 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally (i.p) produced sedation and sleep with a significant ( P < 0.05) decrease in onset and an increase in duration of sleep. The extract had an insignificant (P > 0.05) effect on apomorphine - induced stereotyped behavior in chicks.&nbsp; &nbsp; These results suggest that leaf extract of Croton zambesicus possesses CNS depressant, sedative, and hypnotic activity.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {161-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-172-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-172-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Sengupta, Pinaki and Mal, Mainak and Mandal, Sanchita and Singh, Jagadish and Maity, Tapan Kumar}, title = {Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of some 1, 3, 4 Oxadiazoles}, abstract ={In the last three decades investigations in the field of oxadiazoles have been intensified due to their diverse therapeutic uses. Oxadiazole are well known to have a wide range of therapeutic activities namely anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, antiparasitic, antimicrobial etc. In this study, we have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of some carboxymethyl derivatives of oxadiazole-2-thiones, the antimicrobial effects of which have not yet been evaluated till date.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {165-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-173-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-173-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Edwin, sheeja and Joshi, Siddheshwar Balkrishna and Jain, Dharam Ch}, title = {Antifertility Activity of Stems of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. in Female Albino Rats}, abstract ={In the present study, Plumbago zeylanica Linn. (Plumbaginaceae) , one of the folk medicinal plants commonly used as antifertility agent was evaluated for its antifertility effect. Five successive solvent extracts, petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and water extracts, of the stems of P. zeylanica were studied on estrous cycle at two dose levels, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. &nbsp; Of these, only the acetone extract was found to be most effective in interrupting the normal estrous cycle of the rats ( p <0.05) ( p <0.01) ( p <0.001 ). The rats exhibited prolonged diestrous stage of the estrous cycle with consequent temporary inhibition of ovulation. The antiovulatory activity was reversible on withdrawal of the extract. The effective acetone extract was further studied on estrogenic functionality in rats. The extract showed significant estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity ( p <0.05) ( p <0.01) ( p <0.001 ). Histological studies of the uteri were carried out to confirm the estrogenic activity. The results indicated the antifertility activity of Plumbago zeylanica stem extract in female Wistar rats.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {169-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-171-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-171-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Sajan, Ram and Singh, S.P. and Varma, Rachna and Choudhary, G. K. and Prakash, Atul}, title = {Effect of Arsenic on the Disposition Kinetics of Sulphadimidine and Protective efficacy of Pipali (piper longum) in Cockerels}, abstract ={This study was designed to evaluate pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine &nbsp; in cockerels fed on subclinical dose of arsenic (100 ppm) in diet and to determine the protective efficacy following simultaneous dietary medication with Piper longum (pipli) &nbsp; (100 ppm) in a 12-week feeding trial. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after single i.v. dose (50 mg/kg) of sulphadimidine in cockerels in three groups fed on 0 ppm &nbsp; arsenic(control), 100 ppm arsenic and arsenic plus powdered dried fruits of Piper longum (100 ppm each)), respectively, in ration for 12 weeks. The elimination half-life (t 1/2 b , h), AUC (&micro;g mL -1 h) and MRT (h) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in arsenic-treated group than those in arsenic plus pipali and control groups. The distribution half-life (t 1/2 a , h), Vd area (L/kg) and clearance (Cl, mL/kg/h) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in arsenic-treated group in comparison to arsenic plus pipali and control groups. Dosage regimens at 8 and 12 h interval for therapeutic plasma concentration (25 &micro;g/mL) of sulphadimidine revealed significant (P<0.05) reduction in priming and maintenance doses in arsenic-treated cockerels in comparison to control. However, the priming and maintenance doses were higher in arsenic plus pipali-treated group than those in the group treated only with arsenic. It is, thus, concluded from this study that arsenic altered pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in cockerels and simultaneous treatment with pipali for 12 weeks (100 ppm) revealed protective efficacy against arsenic-induced pharmacokinetic effects.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {175-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-170-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-170-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Syed, Naveed Ahmed and Hasan, Tarique Noorul and Aalam, Syed Mohammed Musheer}, title = {Evaluation of wound healing potential of Chicorium intybus in rats as animal model}, abstract ={The plant Chicorium intybus is used in traditional medicinal system as skin nourisher and to treat several skin aliments such as warts. The objective of this study was to evaluate ethanolic extract of Chicorium intybus for its wound healing activity in rats. The extract was tested on three groups of male Albino rats, consisting of six animals each, which were placed individually in cages. All animals were experimentally wounded in the posterior neck (2cm x 2cm). Normal saline was applied topically to wounds of Group 1 animals as placebo control. Wounds of Group 2 and 3 rats, were treated with ethanolic extract of C hicorium intybus at 50mg/mL and 100mg/mL concentrations. The extract accelerated wound healing in rats compared with controls. Complete wound epithelization was observed, fresh hair began to grow in the entire wounded area within 18days in animals treated with the 100mg/mL ethanolic extract of Chicorium intybus compared with only 80.3 mm 2 area contraction without hair growth in control rats. The study permits the conclusion that ethanolic extract of Chicorium intybus has wound healing potential.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {181-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-169-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-169-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Bhargava, Sushil}, title = {“Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Sudarshan Churna: A Polyherbal Formulation”}, abstract ={Sudarshan Churna (SC) is very potent Ayurvedic medicine ; composed of 42 medicinal plants, which is used traditionally in treatment of malaria, viral fever, and bacterial infection. The Present study was designated to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Sudarshan Churna (ASC) using the paper disc diffusion method. The ASC was found active against the gram-negative bacteria K. pneumoniae, E. coli , and gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, P. vulgris and found less effective against gram-positive bacteria S. epidermidis and B. subtilis. The ASC shows significantly &nbsp;less effect against C. Albicans .&nbsp; &nbsp;}, Keywords = {}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {185-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-168-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-168-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2008} }