@article{ author = {Atiax, E. and Ahmad, F. and Sirat, H. M. and Arbain, D. and Badgujar, V. Bhagw}, title = {Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity screening of Sumatran Kaduk (Piper sarmentosum Roxb)}, abstract ={Phytochemical investigations of Piper sarmentosum Roxb., yielded four compounds; three amides, identified as 3-(3&rsquo;,4&rsquo;,5&rsquo;-trimethoxyphenylpropanoyl) pyrrolidine, 3-(4&rsquo;-methoxyphenylpropanoyl) pyrrole, N -(3-phenylpropanoyl) pyrrole and a sterol namely &beta; -sitosterol . 3-(4&rsquo;-Methoxyphenylpropanoyl) pyrrole was found for the first time in this Piper species. All chemical constituents were tested for their antibacterial activity using disk diffusion method and cytotoxicity screening using sul-forhodamine B (SRB) assay. All of the compounds were found only active towards gram-positive bacteria except 3-(4&rsquo;-methoxyphenylpropanoyl) pyrrole with no activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity screening using SRB assay indicated that none of these compounds was active as an anticancer agent.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Badgujar, V. Bhagwan and Surana, S. Javerilal}, title = {Comparative Investigation on Antimicrobial Property of Miliusa tomentosa Leaf Oil and Leaf Extract}, abstract ={Aqueous extract and volatile oil were obtained from Miliusa tomentosa by using soxhlet extractor and hydro distillation with a Clevenger-type apparatus respectively. The extract and volatile oil both were screened for Antimicrobial activity against different bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pncumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilis) and fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium monoliforme, Trichoderma viridae, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pcilomyces species) by cup plate diffusion method. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of aqueous extract and volatile oil obtained were determined using modified cup plate method. The aqueous extract exhibited weak activity against all the bacteria and one fungi (Candida albicans), while volatile oil showed strong activity against most bacteria including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudommonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoni. Also, a moderate activity was seen against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus pumilis. It also showed strong activity against fungi like Candida albicans and Fusarium monoliforme, whereas moderate activity was observed on Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viridae and the weak activity against the remaining fungi. It can be concluded that Miliusa tomentosa leaf volatile oil finds its use as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent after extensive investigation, and this may provide a basis for the isolation of constituents of biological interest from Miliusa tomentosa for its potent activity.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shamili, A. and Amini, M. and Forough, B. and Kazemi, R. and Qorbani, M.}, title = {Botulinum Toxin Injections or Application of Splints: Impact on Spasticity, Range of Motion and Function of Upper Extremity in Chronic Stroke Patients}, abstract ={Spasticity or increase in muscle tone is one of the problems following stroke. Due to this increase in muscle tone, patients are confronted to problems in motor control and difficulties in activities of daily living and complications such as shortness and contracture. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of using splint or botulinum toxin injection on spasticity, range of motion and upper extremity function in a 3-month period. The method of this research study was a two comparison design, done in rehabilitation clinics in Tehran. At first, 50 patients with chronic stroke were selected and based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 28 stroke patients after completing the consent forms were entered to intervention groups of splint or botulinum toxin injection and they were followed up about 3 months. At last, 18 patients completed the study. Goniometery was the method to measure range of motion, and Modified Ashworth scale was used to examine the spasticity and the upper extremity function was scored based on Fugl-Meyer assessment. All outcome measures improved in each group, but the differences between two groups were not significant ( p value > 0.05). In this study, the effects of botulinum toxin injection and Volar-Dorsal Wrist/Hand Immobilization splint were not significantly different between the interventions in a 3-month follow-up.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Rajput, N. and Dumka, V. Kumar and Sandhu, Harpal Singh}, title = {Pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of cefpirome in febrile cross-bred calves}, abstract ={The pharmacokinetics of cefpirome after a single intravenous injection of 10 mg.kg -1 was studied in febrile cross-bred calves. E. coli endotoxin was administered intravenously to induce fever in calves. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals and cefpirome levels were estimated by using microbiological assay technique. Based on the plasma drug levels, the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Maximum concentration of cefpirome was attained at 1 min and the drug was detected above MIC in plasma up to 12 h after its administration. The values of t 1/2? , Vd area and AUC were 0.06 ± 0.003 h, 0.75 ± 0.02 L.kg -1 and 36.6 ± 0.82 ?g.ml -1 .h. The high values of t 1/2? (1.90 ± 0.03 h) and Cl B (0.27 ± 0.006 L.kg -1 .h -1 ) reflected rapid elimination and body clearance of the drug in febrile calves. The study suggested that cefpirome was rapidly distributed and rapidly eliminated in febrile crossbred calves.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Noorani, A. Ali and Gupta, K. and Bhadada, K. and KALE, M. K.}, title = {Protective Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Caesalpinia Bonduc (L.) on Gentamicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats}, abstract ={The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of methanolic leaf extract of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) on gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats . A control group (saline, group I, n = 6) was compared with rats administrated 80 mg/kg gentamicin, once daily for 7 days (groups II, III and IV). The effect of methanolic leaf extract of Caesalpinia bonduc (group III and IV) at a dose level of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg was compared in gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), bilirubin, and total protein the values of urea, sodium, potassium and chloride were significantly increased in rats exposed to gentamicin. Moreover, administration of gentamicin resulted in damage to liver and kidney structures. Administration of methanolic extract of C.bonduc before gentamicin exposure prevented severe alterations of biochemical parameters and disruptions of liver and kidney structures. In conclusion, this study obviously demonstrated that pretreatment with methanolic extract of C.bonduc significantly attenuated the physiological and histopathological alterations induced by gentamicin. Also, the present study identifies new areas of research for development of better therapeutic agents for liver, kidney, and other organs dysfunctions and diseases.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Meenatcisundaram, S. and Sindhu, M.}, title = {In Vivo and In Vitro Studies on Neutralizing Effects of Acorus calamus and Withania somnifera root extracts against Echis carinatus venom}, abstract ={Neutralization effects of Acorus calamus and Withania somnifera root extracts were tested against Echis carinatus venom. Both plant extracts were effectively neutralized the various pharmacological activities induced by Echis carinatus venom. About 0.14 mg of Acorus calamus and 0.16 mg of Withania somnifera root extracts were able to completely neutralize the lethal activity of 2LD 50 of Echis carinatus venom. Various pharmacological activities like haemorrhagic, coagulant, edema and phospholipase activities were effectively neutralized by both plant extracts. The above observations confirmed that both plant extracts possess potent snake venom neutralizing compounds, which inhibit the activity of Echis carinatus venoms.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {26-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Viswanatha, G.L. and Akinapally, N. and Krishnadas, N. and Rangappa, S. and Janardhanan, S.}, title = {Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Activity of Newly-Synthesized Bicyclothieno 1, 2, 3 – Triazines}, abstract ={The novel bicyclo thieno 1, 2, 3-triazines (BTT) namely BTT-1, BTT-2, BTT-3 and BTT-4 were evaluated for analgesic anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using hot plate test , formalin induced paw licking test and formalin induced paw edema test respectively, complete fruend’s adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model was used for antiarthrtic activity. All test drugs have showed significant analgesic activity by increasing the reaction latency time in hot plate test and decreasing the number of lickings in formalin test, BTT-3 was found to be effective in both early and late phase, while all other test drugs were found to be effective only in late phase of nociception. In anti-inflammatory studies, the BTT-3 (25 and 50mg/kg, i.p.) had significantly reduced the formalin induced paw edema. In CFA induced arthritis models, the BTT-3 has showed activity from the 4 th day of the treatment, while all the other test drugs have showed significant inhibition of CFA induced paw edema from the 7 th day of the treatment by decreasing the elevated levels of WBC, % Hb, ESR, along with decreasing the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Rheumatoid factor. In conclusion all test drugs were found to possess very good analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity and BTT-3 was found to be more potent compare to other compounds.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {ABIDEMI, AJADI ADETOLA}, title = {Protective Effect of Tahitian Noni Juice on the Reproductive Functions of Male Wistar Rats Traeted with Cyclophosphamide}, abstract ={The effects of Tahitian noni juice (TNJ), vitamin C and vitamin E on male reproductive functions in cyclophosphamide-treated wistar rats were compared. Thirty five male wistar rats with mean body weight of 180 ± 24.3 g were randomly divided into five groups. Group one were treated with cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg, i.p.) while, group two were treated with TNJ (10 ml/kg, i.p.) and cyclophosphamide. Group three were treated with TNJ (10 ml/kg, i.p.) alone. Group four and five were treated with cyclophosphamide and either of vitamin C (100 mg/kg) or E (1 mg/kg) respectively. All drugs were administered for four weeks. In this study, mean weight gain, sperm motility (SM), live-dead ratio (LDR), epididymal sperm counts (ESC), percentage sperm abnormality, as well as, testicular histological changes were determined. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The ESC, SM and LDR were compared with analysis of variance (ANOVA). Median score for the histologic changes was analyzed using Wilcoxon sign rank test. The mean weight gain was higher in Groups 2 and 3 compared with other groups ( p <0.05). Similarly, the SM was higher in rats treated with TNJ compared with other groups ( p <0.001). The LDR, ESC, and testicular histologic scores did not differ between the five groups of rats. However, the percentage sperm abnormality was lower in groups 2 and 3 ( p <0.05). In conclusion, TNJ improved weight gain and protected against adverse effect of cyclophosphamide on sperm motility and abnormalities.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Gharakhani, M. and Razeghijahromi, Soodeh and Sadeghian, H. and Faghihzadeh, S. and Kazemi, H. and Arabkheradmand, J. and Koulivand, P. and Bayan, Leila and Gorji, A.}, title = {Potential Drug Interactions in War-Injured Veterans}, abstract ={Drug-drug interaction (DDI) is one of the most important problems in the treatment of patients suffering from different chronic intractable diseases. The war-injured veterans are one of the groups that are prone to chronic refractory diseases. This investigation was conducted on war-injured veterans treated in a multi-disciplinary clinic in Tehran. Using Poisson model, a total of 150 patients was collected from the patients treated in a multidisciplinary clinic during three months. The prescriptions were processed using the Drug Interactions Checker. Drug interactions in these patients were categorized to three levels, i.e. mild, moderate, and severe. Drug interactions were identified in 148 patients with different intensity. Based on FDA classification, the mild, moderate, and severe DDI were observed in 56 (37.3%), 139 (92.7%), and 74 (49.3%) patients, respectively. The total number of drug interactions was 1239 in these patients. The most common type of DDI was observed in the patients who received anti-depression drugs. This study shows that war-injured veterans are a group of patients with high risk of drug interaction. The results indicate the necessity and importance of devising some guidelines to prevent or at least decrease the drug interactions in war-injured veterans with chronic refractory diseases.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Falahati, M. and Fateh, R. and Sharifinia, S.}, title = {Anticandidal effect of shallot against chronic candidiasis agents}, abstract ={Shallots are an important part of the diet of many populations and there is long-held belief in their health enhancing properties. The aim of this study was to determine anti-candidal activity of shallot against chronic candidiasis agents. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of shallot ( Allium hirtifolium ) were tested for in vitro antifungal activities against 33 candida species isolated from patient with chronic candidiasis who were referred to Mirza-Kochak-Khan and Lolagar Hospitals. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth microdilution method. Allium hirtifolium showed antifungal activity against all the candida species tested and anti-candidal activity of the alcoholic extract was very better than aqueous extract. The results indicate that crude juice of shallot has anti-candidal activity and might be promising in treatment of candidiasis.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {49-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-231-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Nabi, Sh. and Ara, A. and JahanRizvi, Sh.}, title = {Methylmercury Chloride Coaxed Oxidative Stress in Rats}, abstract ={The present experiment was designed to access the effects of Methylmercury chloride ( MeHgCl) on antioxidant status, protein concentration, lipid peroxidation and hydroperoxidation in brain parts, spinal cord, lung, heart and pancreas of rats. Twenty male Wistar rats (3 months old) were divided in saline controls (C) and MeHgCl-treated group (MMC). Treated rats were intoxicated with MMC at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight orally by gavage once a day for 14 consecutive days, for the next 14 days, they were kept intoxicated. Control animals received a corresponding volume of isotonic saline. Health, total feed intake and body weights of rats were monitored daily throughout the study. Both the groups were sacrificed on 29 th day. Study revealed an increase in Lipid peroxide (LPO) and Lipid hydroperoxide (LHPO) levels after MeHgCl administration. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), total sulfhydryl (TSH) and Protein were significantly declined in all the tissues of MMC treated group as compared to controls. In summary, depletion of antioxidant enzymes in tissues increases MeHgCl accumulation and enhances MeHg-induced oxidative stress, especially LPO and LHPO which plays an important role in tissue degeneration process during MeHgCl intoxication. Results support the hypothesis that depletion of antioxidant enzymes is a primary mechanism of organic mercury toxicity. The present experiment was designed to access the effects of Methylmercury chloride ( MeHgCl) on antioxidant status, protein concentration, lipid peroxidation and hydroperoxidation in brain parts, spinal cord, lung, heart and pancreas of rats. Twenty male Wistar rats (3 months old) were divided in saline controls (C) and MeHgCl-treated group (MMC). Treated rats were intoxicated with MMC at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight orally by gavage once a day for 14 consecutive days, for the next 14 days, they were kept intoxicated. Control animals received a corresponding volume of isotonic saline. Health, total feed intake and body weights of rats were monitored daily throughout the study. Both the groups were sacrificed on 29 th day. Study revealed an increase in Lipid peroxide (LPO) and Lipid hydroperoxide (LHPO) levels after MeHgCl administration. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), total sulfhydryl (TSH) and Protein were significantly declined in all the tissues of MMC treated group as compared to controls. In summary, depletion of antioxidant enzymes in tissues increases MeHgCl accumulation and enhances MeHg-induced oxidative stress, especially LPO and LHPO which plays an important role in tissue degeneration process during MeHgCl intoxication. Results support the hypothesis that depletion of antioxidant enzymes is a primary mechanism of organic mercury toxicity.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {52-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ahmadvand, H. and Ani, M. and Moshtaghie, A. A.}, title = {Inhibitory Effect of Allium Cepa Extract on LDL Oxidation Induced By CuSO4 in Vitro Compared With Allium Sativum and Allium Ascalonicom}, abstract ={Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly suggested as a key factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thus, the inclusion of some anti-oxidant compounds in daily dietary food stuff may inhibit the production of oxidized LDL and may decrease both the development and the progression of atherosclerosis. The present work investigated the inhibitory effects of extract of Allium cepa (onion) on LDL oxidation induced by CuSO ? quantitatively in vitro and compared with extract of Allium ascalonico (shallot) and Allium sativum (garlic). LDL was incubated with CuSO4 and the formation of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were monitored as markers of LDL oxidation. Inhibition of this Cu-induced oxidation was studied in the presence of extracts of Allium ascalonicom, Allium cepa and Allium sativum . It was demonstrated that extract of Allium cepa as well as Allium ascalonicom and Allium sativum were able to inhibit LDL oxidation and increase the resistance of LDL against oxidation in vitro. The pattern of inhibition was in this order: Allium sativum >Allium ascalonicom>Allium cepa. This study showed that extract of Allium ascalonicom, Allium cepa and Allium sativum prevented the oxidation of LDL in vitro and it may suggest that they have the similar effect in vivo .}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {61-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Dehghani, F. and Azizi, M. and Panjehshahin, M. R.}, title = {The Effects of Aqueous Extract of Raphanus sativus on Blood Glucose, Triglyceride and Cholesterol in Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={The probability of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients increases due to hyperlipidemia. Raphanus sativus is a traditional plant which is used to lower plasma lipid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Raphanus Sativus on plasma glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol in diabetic rats. For this purpose, 30 male rats were selected, maintained in standard conditions and divided randomly into 3 groups. Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) was given IP to induce diabetes in 14 days. The aqueous extract of Raphanus sativus was given orally to the experimental groups at doses of 800 and 1600 mg/kg once daily for 14 days by a feeding needle. At days 1, 14, 28 and 35, blood samples were taken from the tail vein of all the groups. After this period, the animals were sacrificed under deep anesthesia by ether and their pancreases were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde, processed with paraffin and stained with hematoxyline and eosin for histopathological examination. Results showed that, there was a significant decrease in plasma triglyceride in the 1600 mg/kg group compared with group 1 in 28 and 35 days. No significant difference was observed in blood cholesterol and glucose in all days. In conclusion , it seems that aqueous extract of Raphanus sativus can lower the plasma triglyceride, but it has no effect on the plasma glucose or cholesterol.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {66-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {HAMZEI-MOGHADDAM, A. and SEDIGHI, B. and IRANMANESH, FARHAD and ABDI, MOHAMMAD HOSEIN}, title = {Therapeutic Effect of Co-Administration of Amantadine and Aspirin on Fatigue in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study}, abstract ={Fatigue is recognized as one of the most disabling and frequent symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Amantadine appears to have some proven ability to alleviate the fatigue in MS. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of co-administration of amantadine and aspirin for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Forty-five ambulatory patients aged 20–50 years with a diagnosis of MS, a stable disability level ?6 on the Kurtzke extended disability status scale (EDSS), and a mean score ?4 on the fatigue severity scale (FSS) were eligible for the 6 weeks, randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study . Patients were randomly assigned to receive either amantadine hydrochloride (100-mg) and aspirin (500 mg) or amantadine hydrochloride (100 mg) and matching placebo twice daily throughout 6 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by self rating scales, using the FSS. Data analysis was performed by T test, chi-square test, Wilcoxon and ANOVA tests. Mean FSS for the amantadine+aspirin group was 3.5 6 ±0.5 and mean FSS for amantadine + placebo group was 4.1 6 ±0.5 at day 30. Mean FSS for the amantadine + aspirin group was 3.3 6 ± 0.5 and mean FSS for amantadine + placebo group was 3.9 6 ± 0.5 at day 42. Amantadine and aspirin treated patients showed a significantly greater reduction in fatigue, as measured by the FSS, than those patients were treated with amantadine and placebo (p <0.001). Our findings demonstrate that co-administration of amantadine and aspirin was significantly better than amantadine and placebo in treating fatigue in MS patients.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {71-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mehta, J. P. and Pandy, Ch. V. and Parmar, P. H. and Golakiya, B. A.}, title = {Isolation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Butea monosperma (Lam.)}, abstract ={The root and flowers of Butea monosperma (Lam.) were extracted with methanol. Extensive chromatographic separation and purification with the organic solvents was done. Four phytochemicals were separated and their structures were established based on various spectroscopic techniques. Isolated crude extract was subjected for antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria like Bacillus megatarium, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using standard protocols with MIC (Bacterial) in range of 7.5 to 25 µg/ml. The antifungal activity was also carried out against strains of Alternaria , Fusarium and Aspergillus flavus within the range between 10 µg/ml to 300 µg/ml MIC (Fungal). The results of antibacterial activity were compared with a standard antibiotic disc of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin (5 to 30 µg/disc) against the same microbial strains. The results of antifungal activity were compared with nystatin (100 to 200 µg/disc) against the same microbial strains.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {76-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Manjanna, k.m. and Shivakumar, B.}, title = {Licofelone: A Novel Non-Steriodal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) in Arthritis}, abstract ={Arthritis refers to different medical conditions associated with disorder of the primary structures that determine joint functions such as bones, cartilage and synovial membranes. Drug discovery and delivery to retard the degeneration of joint tissues are challenging. Current treatments of different arthritis involves administration of ideal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but are frequently associated with adverse reactions, related to inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) in tissues where prostaglandins exert physiological effects, such as gastric mucosal defense and renal homeostasis. As a consequence, the interest for novel approaches has re-emerged. New therapeutic options, still under clinical evaluation, are represented as dual COX and 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors. These are expected to possess clinical advantages over the selective inhibitors of COX enzyme. One of the most promising compounds belonging to this category, licofelone, a competitive inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), is currently in clinical development for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Licofelone decreases the production of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins which are involved in the pathophysiology of OA and in gastrointestinal (GI) damage induced by NSAIDs and have the potential to combine good analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with excellent GI tolerability. The emerging clinical data for licofelone indicate that it is an effective and well-tolerated therapy which could be suitable for the long-term treatment of patients with OA. This review focuses upon the gastrointestinal (GI) safety of selective COX-2 inhibitors and of novel therapeutic strategies, in comparison with traditional NSAIDs.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {82-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Grover, N. D.}, title = {Contribution of Women Scientists to Pharmacology: A Historical Perspective}, abstract ={The article highlights the contributions of a few prominent women scientists to the science of pharmacology. These women,some of whom were from other scientific fields, contributed significantly to our understanding of pharmacology. This was achieved in an era in which pharmacology was a more or less male dominated field. Even though it is easier for women to enter scientific fields nowadays, the mid-career attrition rate seems to be high. There is still a lot of scope for improving the work environment and attitudes of the society in their favor.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {92-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Karkal, Y. R.}, title = {Pharmacology – Prep Manual for Undergraduates}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {97-0}, publisher = {4}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2011} }