@article{ author = {Patil, Prakash and Prakash, T. and Shivakumar, H. and Pal, Siddharth}, title = {Anti-Ulcer and anti-secretory Properties of the Butea Monosperma (Lam) Bark Extract with Relation to anti-oxidant Studies}, abstract ={To investigate the ulcer protective and antisecretory properties of the methanolic extract of Butea monosperma (BM) bark with relation to antioxidant studies. The study was done on male albino rats. &nbsp; Gastric ulcers were induced by Aspirin, Alcohol and Pylorous ligation. Lansoprazole was used as the standard drug for comparison. The free radical scavenging potential of the bark of BM extract was studied by using different In vitro antioxidant models of screening. The methanolic extract at 500&micro;g/ml showed maximum free radical scavenging was estimated by lipid per oxidation, reducing power, superoxid anion and hydroxyl scavenging activity. Treatment with BM extract in different doses, significantly protected the ulceration induced by aspirin, alcohol along with ulceration induced by pyloric ligation models. Ant-secretary studies in pyloric ligated rats revealed that BM extract (in two different doses) significantly reduced total acidity, free acidity and gastric output. &nbsp; The pH of gastric secretion significantly increased in treatment of BM extract. The methanolic extract of BM bark possesses significant antiulcer and anti-secretory activities. &nbsp; Its antioxidant is also significantly stimulatory in different models.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-0}, publisher = {4}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-186-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-186-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Karkal, Yeshwanth Rao and Amberkar, Mohan Babu and Joseph, Santhosh}, title = {A Critical Analysis of the Management of Typhoid Fever (TF) in a Tertiary care hospital}, abstract ={Enteric fever is endemic in many parts of the third world. In India, it is the fifth most common infectious disease. With increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones and re-emergence of chloramphenicol , the policy of empirical treatment of TF needs to be rationalized. &nbsp; To compare the prescription &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pattern &nbsp;&nbsp; for two successive years. To study the change in trend in the prescription pattern. To rationalize prescription and to check the rationality of the use of drugs. &nbsp; A retrospective analysis of the management of all the cases of TF during the year 2002 & 2003 was done at our hospital. Prescriptions of all the case records of in &ndash; patients diagnosed as TF were collected through a specifically designed proforma and analysed.&nbsp; &nbsp;A . Demographic profile: A total number of 96 cases were admitted in 2002 and 90 in 2003. B. Drug utilization pattern: Ceftriaxone emerged as the most commonly used antibiotic in both the years. C. Clinical features: Fever was seen in almost all the cases. D.Microbiological findings: Number of cases with widal tested as positive were 33 in 2002 and 42 in 2003. Number of cases resistant to cephalosporins were nil in both the years. &nbsp; Cephalosporins continue to be used commonly .Use of ciprofloxacin has declined. Widal test continues to be carried out commonly though it is of little practical value and easily misinterpreted. Re-emergence of chloramphenicol is a welcome sign. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-0}, publisher = {4}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-185-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-185-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {kurady, Laxminarayana bairy and Bhat, Ramachandr}, title = {Effect of Methotrexate on AgNOR Count in Liver of Wistar Rats}, abstract ={A study was undertaken to evaluate the Nucleolar organizing regions (NOR) count and histopathological changes in rat&rsquo;s liver treated with methotrexate (MTX). Male Wistar rats aged 4 months, maintained in our institution were used in the present study. Animals were injected intraperitonealy with 3 different doses of methotrexate on alternative days for one week and the animals were sacrificed on the seventh day by using ether. Paraffin slides were prepared and histopathology as well as AgNOR studies were done. In the histopathological study, liver showed disruption of normal hepatic plates, vaculation of the hepatocytes, nuclear variability and enlarged blood vessels. In AgNOR study, data showed an overall decrease in the total count (numerical) from normal to 12 mg dose MTX. The total count includes small, medium and large sized AgNORs. A statistically high significant difference was found from normal to 12 mg dose MTX as well as between the doses. In conclusion, the genotoxicity in rats is well documented with high dose of methotrexate (12 mg/kg) compared to low dose (8 mg/kg). Methotrexate treatment reduces the transcription rate and ploidy. Methotrexate reduces the cell proliferation. Thus it reduces the count.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-0}, publisher = {4}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-184-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-184-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Gupta, Rahul and Agnihotri, Pramod Kumar and Johri, Samta and Saxena, Anand Murari}, title = {Hypoglycemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cinnamomum tamala Leaves in Normal and Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Indian traditional system of medicine has been used plants and herbs for treatment of diabetes since time of Vedic glory. In this regard many plants still untouched, having remarkable efficacy. The blood sugar lowering effect of 95% ethanolic extract of C. tamala ( Hamm.) Nees. & Eberm., leaves was investigated at single oral dose of 250mg/kg body weight in normal fasted, fed, glucose loaded and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rats. Further, effect of crude extract was studied on muscle glycogen content and histology of pancreatic &beta;-cells granularity of normal rats. Significant blood glucose lowering was observed in fasted, fed and diabetic rats. Extract also suppressed the peak value significantly in the glucose fed rats. Marked degranulation in &beta;-cells of treated rats suggests insulin secretogogue effect of extract that probably be increased the muscle glycogen store and produced hypoglycemic response.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-0}, publisher = {4}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-183-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-183-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Khan, Alam and Haque, Ekramul and RAHMAN, BYTUL M and RAHMAN, MATIUR}, title = {Neuropharmacological Effect of the Rhizome of Drynaria quercifolia in Mice}, abstract ={The neuropharmacological effect of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of ethanol extract of the rhizome of Drynaria quercifolia J. Smith were studied in mice by intraperitoneal administration. The tests used were determination of effect on duration of diazepam-induced sleep, determination of effect on nikethamide-induced toxicity, light-dark test and force swimming test. The duration of diazepam-induced sleep was extended by administration of these fractions. Nikethamide at high dose cause death of mice and time to cause death of mice was delayed by administration of these fractions. In light-dark test and force swimming test these fractions were given diazepam type effect. The changes in doses (50-200 mg/kg) showed changes in efficiency of these effects. These results suggest that both these fractions of D. quercifolia rhizome have dose dependent depressant effect.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-0}, publisher = {4}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Farouk, Loubna and Laroubi, Amine and Ouachrif, Abderrahim and Aboufatima, Rachida and Benharref, Ahmed and Chait, Abderrahm}, title = {Study on Antinociceptive Activity of Different Extracts of Peganum Harmala and Possible Mechanism of Action}, abstract ={The seeds of Peganum harmala L. ( Pgh ) (Zygophyllaceae) have been used in Moroccan traditional medicine for treatment of a various diseases and to relieve dolorous process. The major objective of this paper was to investigate the analgesic effect of ethyl acetate (EAE), butanolic (BE) and aqueous (AqE) extracts of seeds of Peganum harmala and elucided the possible underlying action mechanism of each extract. In the present work, the antinociceptive action was assayed in several experimental models in mice: writhing, formalin, tail flick and hot plate tests. The EAE, BE and AqE given by i.p or p.o. routes showed significant reduction in acetic acid induced writhings in mice with a maximum effect of&nbsp; 35.12 % reduction of BE at dose 25 mg/kg, i.p. (p<0.001). In the formalin test, the pre-traetment with EAE and BE (12.5 and 25mg/kg, i.p.) caused marked and dose-related inhibition of formalin-induced licking in mice in the both phase, whereas, the AqE (25mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the nociception response only in the second phase of formalin test. The results on hot plate and tail flick tests, showed a significant central acting analgesic properties of EAE and BE. These result showed that the EAE and BE, which were the most effectives, contains active analgesic principles acting both centrally and peripherally. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, quinons and saponin. Furthermore, this antinociceptive effect has been avoided by naloxone at a dose 1 mg/kg in the first phase of formalin and hot plate tests indicating that these extracts acts partly through an opioid-mediated mechanism. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the different extracts of Peganum harmala had both central and peripheral antinociceptive activities that may be mediated by opioid receptors.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-0}, publisher = {4}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Jain, Anurekha and Pancholi, Shayam Sunder and Jain, Avijeet and Saxena, Ashish and Deb, Lokesh}, title = {Statins: Newer Roles Including Lipid Lowering Therapy}, abstract ={Statins are most effective pharmacologically agents to decrease total plasma cholesterol level by competitive inhibition of HMG-Co A reductase. Apart from the well-known LDL and cholesterol lowering effect, statins have been postulated to exert other beneficial effects also called pleotropic or non-lipid effects. Better understanding of various pleotropic effects of statins has prompted a new surge of interest in their use to treat or prevent a wide range of chronic and life threatening disorders. Their effectiveness in treating these disorders suggests that the benefits of statins may not be limited to cholesterol lowering. However at present although the clinical implication of this beneficial non-lipid effect seems promising yet properly designed, large multicentre, prospective, control trials are going on to validate the use of statins for indication other than primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-0}, publisher = {4}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-180-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-180-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2009} } @article{ author = {Pandurangan, A. and Khosa, RL. and Hemalatha, S.}, title = {Evaluation of Anti-pyretic Potential of Ichnocarpus Frutescens Roots}, abstract ={The methanol extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens R.Br. root (MEIF) was evaluated for its anti-pyretic potential on normal body temperature and yeast-induced pyrexia in albino rats. Yeast suspension (10 ml/kg body wt.) increased rectal temperature 19 h after&nbsp;subcutaneous injection. The MEIF, at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body wt., p.o., produced significant reduction in normal body temperature and yeast-provoked elevated temperature in a dose dependent manner. The effect extended up to 5 h after the drug administration. The anti-pyretic effect of MEIF was comparable to that of paracetamol (150 mg/kg body wt., p.o.), a standard anti-pyretic agent.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-0}, publisher = {4}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijpt.iums.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics}, issn = {9}, eissn = {10}, year = {2009} }